Musulmán

Musulmán é quen profesa o islam, unha relixión abrahámica monoteísta baseada no Corán, que os musulmáns consideran a palabra literal de Deus revelada ao profeta Mahoma, e, con menor autoridade que o Corán, os ensinos e prácticas atribuídas tradicionalmente a Mahoma. «Musulmán» (en árabe, مسلم) é unha palabra árabe que significa «o que se somete a Deus».

Os musulmáns cren que non hai máis ca un único e verdadeiro Deus que se coñece co nome de Alá. Deus é eterno, trascendente, absolutamente un (a doutrina do tawhid, ou o monoteísmo estrito ou simple), e incomparable, e é autosuficiente, que non procrea nin foi procreado. As crenzas musulmás respecto de Deus resúmense no capítulo 112 do Corán, coñecido como Al-Ikhlas ou «o capítulo da pureza». Os musulmáns tamén cren que o islam é a versión completa e universal dunha fe primordial que se revelou en moitos momentos e lugares antes, incluíndo os profetas Abraham, Moisés e Xesús.^[1] Os musulmáns sosteñen que as mensaxes anteriores e as revelacións foron parcialmente modificados ou danados co tempo,^[2] pero consideran o Corán como inalterado e a revelación última de Deus.^[3]

A maioría dos musulmáns aceptan como musulmán a quen pronuncie publicamente a xahada (profesión de fe) que di: "Non hai ningunha divindade excepto Deus e Muhammad é o profeta de Deus". Tamén cren que Mahoma é o "Selo dos Profetas» e o último profeta. As súas prácticas relixiosas básicas se enumeran nos cinco alicerces do islam, que, ademais da xahada, consisten en oracións diarias (salat), a esmola (zakat), o xaxún durante o Ramadán (Sawm), e a peregrinación á Meca ( hajj) polo menos unha vez na vida.^[4]^[5]

A maioría dos musulmáns son sunnitas, representando entre un 75 e 90% de todos os musulmáns.^[6] A segunda corrente máis grande, é o xiísmo, e representa entre un 10 e 20% dos musulmáns.^[7] O país con máis musulmáns é Indonesia, onde vive o 12,7% de musulmáns do mundo, seguido por Paquistán (11,0%), Bangladesh (9,2%) e Exipto (4,9%).^[8] Tamén se atopan minorías importantes na India, China, Rusia, Etiopía, América, Australia e partes de Europa. Con preto de 1,8 mil millóns de seguidores, o 26% da poboación mundial,^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12] o islam é a segunda relixión máis grande e unha das que crece máis rapidamente no mundo.^[13]^[14]^[15]

Notas

↑ PBS (ed.). "People of the Book". Islam: Empire of Faith (en inglés). Consultado o 25/04/2014.
↑ Hava Lazarus-Yafeh. Tahrif (Encyclopaedia of Islam Online).
↑ Submission.org, Quran: The Final Testament, Authorized English Version with Arabic Text, Revised Edition IV,ISBN 0-9729209-2-7, p. x.
↑ Richard, Hooker (14 xullo 1999). Washington State University, ed. "arkan ad-din the five pillars of religion" (en inglés). United States. Arquivado dende o orixinal o 03/12/2010. Consultado o 25/04/2014.
↑ Central Intelligence Agency, ed. (2010). "Religions". The World Factbook (en inglés). United States. Arquivado dende o orixinal o 24/12/2018. Consultado o 25/04/2014.
↑
Véxase:
- Eastern Europe Russia and Central Asia "some 80% of the worlds Muslims are Sunni"
- Sue Hellett;U.S. should focus on sanctions against Iran Arquivado 17 de marzo de 2012 en Wayback Machine. "Sunnis make up over 75 percent of the world’s Muslim population"
- Iran, Israel and the United States "Sunni, accounts for over 75% of the Islamic population"
- "Sunnite". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. They numbered about 900 million in the late 20th century and constituted nine-tenths of all the adherents of Islām.
- Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures. Marshall Cavendish. 2010. p. 352. ISBN 0-7614-7926-0. A common compromise figure ranks Sunnis at 90 percent.
- "Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population". Pew Research Center. 7 de outubro de 2009. Arquivado dende o orixinal o 24 de decembro de 2018. Consultado o 2010-08-24. Of the total Muslim population, 10-13% are Shia Muslims and 87-90% are Sunni Muslims.
- "Quick guide: Sunnis and Shias". BBC News. 6 desembre 2011. The great majority of Muslims are Sunnis - estimates suggest the figure is somewhere between 85% and 90%.
- "Sunni and Shia Islam". Library of Congress Country Studies. Arquivado dende o orixinal o 13 de decembro de 2012. Consultado o 26 de agosto de 2018. Sunni constitute 85 percent of the world's Muslims.
- "Religions". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Arquivado dende o orixinal o 24 de decembro de 2018. Consultado o 2010-08-25. Sunni Islam accounts for over 75% of the world's Muslim population... Shia Islam represents 10-20% of Muslims worldwide...
- Sunni Islam: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide "Sunni Islam is the dominant division of the global Muslim community, and throughout history it has made up a substantial majority (85 to 90 percent) of that community."
↑
Véxase:
- "Shīʿite". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Shīʿites have come to account for roughly one-tenth of the Muslim population worldwide.
- "Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population". Pew Research Center. 7 de outubro de 2009. Arquivado dende o orixinal o 24 de decembro de 2018. Consultado o 2010-08-24. The Pew Forum's estimate of the Shia population (10-13%) is in keeping with previous estimates, which generally have been in the range of 10-15%. Some previous estimates, however, have placed the number of Shias at nearly 20% of the world's Muslim population.
- "Religions". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Arquivado dende o orixinal o 24 de decembro de 2018. Consultado o 25 de abril de 2014. Sunni Islam accounts for over 75% of the world's Muslim population... Shia Islam represents 10-20% of Muslims worldwide...
↑ nationmaster.com (ed.). "Number of Muslim by country".
↑ Nearly 1 in 4 people worldwide is Muslim, report says Arquivado 15 de xaneiro de 2013 en Wayback Machine., CNN
↑ Miller, Tracy, ed. (2009). Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World’s Muslim Population. Pew Research Center. pp. 8–9, 17–19. Arquivado dende o orixinal (PDF) o 24 de decembro de 2018. Consultado o 25 de abril de 2014.
↑ "The World Factbook". CIA Factbook. Arquivado dende o orixinal o 05 de xaneiro de 2010. Consultado o 2010-12-08.
↑ 2010 World Muslim Population pdf Arquivado 16 de setembro de 2012 en Wayback Machine. Dr. Houssain Kettani January 2010
↑ Segundo algunhas fontes, é a terceira relixión de máis rápido crecemento despois do zoroastrismo e a fe bahá'í en números relativos e segunda en números absolutos despois do cristianismo. véxase«Israel haven for new Bahai world order», «Fastest Growing Religion Arquivado 27 de xuño de 2018 en Wayback Machine.»
↑ "The List: The World's Fastest-Growing Religions". Foreign Policy. 14 maig 2007. Arquivado dende o orixinal o 21 de maio de 2007. Consultado o 25 de abril de 2014.
↑
* "Islam Today". Islam: Empire of Faith (2000). PBS. Islam, followed by more than a billion people today, is the world's fastest growing religion and will soon be the world's largest...
- "No God But God". Thomas W. Lippman. U.S. News & World Report. 14 abril 2008. Islam is the youngest, the fastest growing, and in many ways the least complicated of the world's great monotheistic faiths. It is a unique religion based on its own holy book, but it is also a direct descendant of Judaism and Christianity, incorporating some of the teachings of those religions—modifying some and rejecting others.
- "Understanding Islam". Susan Headden. U.S. News & World Report. 7 abril 2008.
- "Major Religions of the World Ranked by Number of Adherents". Adherents.com. Arquivado dende o orixinal o 26 de decembro de 2018. Consultado o 25 de abril de 2014.

[People-of-the-Book-1] PBS (ed.). "People of the Book". Islam: Empire of Faith (en inglés). Consultado o 25/04/2014.

[2] Hava Lazarus-Yafeh. Tahrif (Encyclopaedia of Islam Online).

[3] Submission.org, Quran: The Final Testament, Authorized English Version with Arabic Text, Revised Edition IV,ISBN 0-9729209-2-7, p. x.

[WSU-4] Richard, Hooker (14 xullo 1999). Washington State University, ed. "arkan ad-din the five pillars of religion" (en inglés). United States. Arquivado dende o orixinal o 03/12/2010. Consultado o 25/04/2014.

[CIA-5] Central Intelligence Agency, ed. (2010). "Religions". The World Factbook (en inglés). United States. Arquivado dende o orixinal o 24/12/2018. Consultado o 25/04/2014.

[Sunni-6] Véxase:

Eastern Europe Russia and Central Asia "some 80% of the worlds Muslims are Sunni"

Sue Hellett;U.S. should focus on sanctions against Iran Arquivado 17 de marzo de 2012 en Wayback Machine. "Sunnis make up over 75 percent of the world’s Muslim population"

Iran, Israel and the United States "Sunni, accounts for over 75% of the Islamic population"

"Sunnite". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. They numbered about 900 million in the late 20th century and constituted nine-tenths of all the adherents of Islām.

Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures. Marshall Cavendish. 2010. p. 352. ISBN 0-7614-7926-0. A common compromise figure ranks Sunnis at 90 percent.

"Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population". Pew Research Center. 7 de outubro de 2009. Arquivado dende o orixinal o 24 de decembro de 2018. Consultado o 2010-08-24. Of the total Muslim population, 10-13% are Shia Muslims and 87-90% are Sunni Muslims.

"Quick guide: Sunnis and Shias". BBC News. 6 desembre 2011. The great majority of Muslims are Sunnis - estimates suggest the figure is somewhere between 85% and 90%.

"Sunni and Shia Islam". Library of Congress Country Studies. Arquivado dende o orixinal o 13 de decembro de 2012. Consultado o 26 de agosto de 2018. Sunni constitute 85 percent of the world's Muslims.

"Religions". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Arquivado dende o orixinal o 24 de decembro de 2018. Consultado o 2010-08-25. Sunni Islam accounts for over 75% of the world's Muslim population... Shia Islam represents 10-20% of Muslims worldwide...

Sunni Islam: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide "Sunni Islam is the dominant division of the global Muslim community, and throughout history it has made up a substantial majority (85 to 90 percent) of that community."

[7] Eastern Europe Russia and Central Asia "some 80% of the worlds Muslims are Sunni"

[8] Sue Hellett;U.S. should focus on sanctions against Iran Arquivado 17 de marzo de 2012 en Wayback Machine. "Sunnis make up over 75 percent of the world’s Muslim population"

[9] Iran, Israel and the United States "Sunni, accounts for over 75% of the Islamic population"

[10] "Sunnite". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. They numbered about 900 million in the late 20th century and constituted nine-tenths of all the adherents of Islām.

[11] Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures. Marshall Cavendish. 2010. p. 352. ISBN 0-7614-7926-0. A common compromise figure ranks Sunnis at 90 percent.

[12] "Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population". Pew Research Center. 7 de outubro de 2009. Arquivado dende o orixinal o 24 de decembro de 2018. Consultado o 2010-08-24. Of the total Muslim population, 10-13% are Shia Muslims and 87-90% are Sunni Muslims.

[13] "Quick guide: Sunnis and Shias". BBC News. 6 desembre 2011. The great majority of Muslims are Sunnis - estimates suggest the figure is somewhere between 85% and 90%.

[14] "Sunni and Shia Islam". Library of Congress Country Studies. Arquivado dende o orixinal o 13 de decembro de 2012. Consultado o 26 de agosto de 2018. Sunni constitute 85 percent of the world's Muslims.

[15] "Religions". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Arquivado dende o orixinal o 24 de decembro de 2018. Consultado o 2010-08-25. Sunni Islam accounts for over 75% of the world's Muslim population... Shia Islam represents 10-20% of Muslims worldwide...

[16] Sunni Islam: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide "Sunni Islam is the dominant division of the global Muslim community, and throughout history it has made up a substantial majority (85 to 90 percent) of that community."

[Shia-7] Véxase:
"Shīʿite". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Shīʿites have come to account for roughly one-tenth of the Muslim population worldwide.

"Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population". Pew Research Center. 7 de outubro de 2009. Arquivado dende o orixinal o 24 de decembro de 2018. Consultado o 2010-08-24. The Pew Forum's estimate of the Shia population (10-13%) is in keeping with previous estimates, which generally have been in the range of 10-15%. Some previous estimates, however, have placed the number of Shias at nearly 20% of the world's Muslim population.

"Religions". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Arquivado dende o orixinal o 24 de decembro de 2018. Consultado o 25 de abril de 2014. Sunni Islam accounts for over 75% of the world's Muslim population... Shia Islam represents 10-20% of Muslims worldwide...

[18] "Shīʿite". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Shīʿites have come to account for roughly one-tenth of the Muslim population worldwide.

[19] "Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population". Pew Research Center. 7 de outubro de 2009. Arquivado dende o orixinal o 24 de decembro de 2018. Consultado o 2010-08-24. The Pew Forum's estimate of the Shia population (10-13%) is in keeping with previous estimates, which generally have been in the range of 10-15%. Some previous estimates, however, have placed the number of Shias at nearly 20% of the world's Muslim population.

[20] "Religions". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Arquivado dende o orixinal o 24 de decembro de 2018. Consultado o 25 de abril de 2014. Sunni Islam accounts for over 75% of the world's Muslim population... Shia Islam represents 10-20% of Muslims worldwide...

[Islam_by_country-8] tionmaster.com (ed.). "Number of Muslim by country".

[9] Nearly 1 in 4 people worldwide is Muslim, report says Arquivado 15 de xaneiro de 2013 en Wayback Machine., CNN

[mgmpPRC-10] Miller, Tracy, ed. (2009). Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World’s Muslim Population. Pew Research Center. pp. 8–9, 17–19. Arquivado dende o orixinal (PDF) o 24 de decembro de 2018. Consultado o 25 de abril de 2014.

[CIA_Factbook-11] "The World Factbook". CIA Factbook. Arquivado dende o orixinal o 05 de xaneiro de 2010. Consultado o 2010-12-08.

[12] 2010 World Muslim Population pdf Arquivado 16 de setembro de 2012 en Wayback Machine. Dr. Houssain Kettani January 2010

[13] Segundo algunhas fontes, é a terceira relixión de máis rápido crecemento despois do zoroastrismo e a fe bahá'í en números relativos e segunda en números absolutos despois do cristianismo. véxase«Israel haven for new Bahai world order», «Fastest Growing Religion Arquivado 27 de xuño de 2018 en Wayback Machine.»

[FP-14] "The List: The World's Fastest-Growing Religions". Foreign Policy. 14 maig 2007. Arquivado dende o orixinal o 21 de maio de 2007. Consultado o 25 de abril de 2014.

[Islam-Today-15] * "Islam Today". Islam: Empire of Faith (2000). PBS. Islam, followed by more than a billion people today, is the world's fastest growing religion and will soon be the world's largest...
"No God But God". Thomas W. Lippman. U.S. News & World Report. 14 abril 2008. Islam is the youngest, the fastest growing, and in many ways the least complicated of the world's great monotheistic faiths. It is a unique religion based on its own holy book, but it is also a direct descendant of Judaism and Christianity, incorporating some of the teachings of those religions—modifying some and rejecting others.

"Understanding Islam". Susan Headden. U.S. News & World Report. 7 abril 2008.

"Major Religions of the World Ranked by Number of Adherents". Adherents.com. Arquivado dende o orixinal o 26 de decembro de 2018. Consultado o 25 de abril de 2014.

[29] "No God But God". Thomas W. Lippman. U.S. News & World Report. 14 abril 2008. Islam is the youngest, the fastest growing, and in many ways the least complicated of the world's great monotheistic faiths. It is a unique religion based on its own holy book, but it is also a direct descendant of Judaism and Christianity, incorporating some of the teachings of those religions—modifying some and rejecting others.

[30] "Understanding Islam". Susan Headden. U.S. News & World Report. 7 abril 2008.

[31] "Major Religions of the World Ranked by Number of Adherents". Adherents.com. Arquivado dende o orixinal o 26 de decembro de 2018. Consultado o 25 de abril de 2014.

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