Hector Berlioz: Diferenzas entre revisións
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[[Ficheiro:Gustave Courbet - Portrait of Hector Berlioz - WGA05492.jpg|miniatura|esquerda|Berlioz por [[Gustave Courbet]], 1850.]]
=== 1860–1869: Anos finais ===
[[Ficheiro:Grave of Hector Berlioz 2012-10-09.jpg|miniatura|Tumba de Berlioz en [[Cemiterio de Montmartre|Montmartre]].]]
In June 1862 Berlioz's wife died suddenly, aged 48. She was survived by her mother, to whom Berlioz was devoted, and who looked after him for the rest of his life.<ref name=h505>Holoman (1989), p. 505</ref>
''Les Troyens'' – a five-act, five-hour opera – was on too large a scale to be acceptable to the management of the Opéra, and Berlioz's efforts to have it staged there failed. The only way he could find of seeing the work produced was to divide it into two parts: "The Fall of Troy" and "The Trojans at Carthage". The latter, consisting of the final three acts of the original, was presented at the Théâtre‐Lyrique, Paris, in November 1863, but even that truncated version was further truncated: during the run of 22 performances, number after number was cut. The experience demoralised Berlioz, who wrote no more music after this.<ref name=grovetroyens>Holoman, D. Kern. [http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-5000003352 "Troyens, Les"], ''Grove Music Online'', Oxford University Press, 2002. Retrieved 19 October 2018. {{subscription}}</ref>
Berlioz did not seek a revival of ''Les Troyens'' and none took place for nearly 30 years. He sold the publishing rights for a large sum, and his last years were financially comfortable;<ref>Holoman (1989), p. 563</ref> he was able to give up his work as a critic, but he lapsed into depression. As well as losing both his wives, he had lost both his sisters,{{refn|Nanci died in 1850 and Adèle in 1860.<ref name=h505/>|group= n}} and he became morbidly aware of death as many of his friends and other contemporaries died.<ref name=grove/> He and his son had grown deeply attached to each other, but Louis was a captain in the merchant navy, and was more often than not away from home.<ref>Cairns (1999), pp. 732–733</ref> Berlioz's physical health was not good, and he was often in pain from an intestinal complaint, possibly [[Crohn's disease]].<ref>O'Neal (2018), p. 181</ref>
After the death of his second wife, Berlioz had two romantic interludes. During 1862 he met – probably in the [[Montmartre Cemetery]] – a young woman less than half his age, whose first name was Amélie and whose second, possibly married, name is not recorded. Almost nothing is known of their relationship, which lasted for less than a year.<ref>Cairns (1999), pp. 683–685</ref> After they ceased to meet, Amélie died, aged only 26. Berlioz was unaware of it until he came across her grave six months later. Cairns hypothesises that the shock of her death prompted him to seek out his first love, Estelle, now a widow aged 67.<ref>Cairns (1999), p. 722</ref> He called on her in September 1864; she received him kindly, and he visited her in three successive summers; he wrote to her nearly every month for the rest of his life.<ref name=grove/>
In 1867 Berlioz received the news that his son had died in [[Havana]] of [[yellow fever]]. Macdonald suggests that Berlioz may have sought distraction from his grief by going ahead with a planned series of concerts in [[St Petersburg]] and Moscow, but far from rejuvenating him, the trip sapped his remaining strength.<ref name=grove/> The concerts were successful, and Berlioz received a warm response from the new generation of Russian composers and the general public,{{refn|Berlioz was assisted at rehearsals by [[Mily Balakirev]]. His admirers among the other Russian composers of that generation included [[Alexander Borodin|Borodin]], [[César Cui|Cui]], [[Modest Mussorgsky|Mussorgsky]] and [[Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov|Rimsky-Korsakov]]. It is uncertain how much contact they were able to have with Berlioz during his visit.<ref>Holoman (1989), p. 587; and Cairns (1999), pp. 761–762</ref>|group= n}} but he returned to Paris visibly unwell.<ref>Barzun, p. 407</ref> He went to Nice to recuperate in the Mediterranean climate, but fell on rocks by the shore, possibly because of a stroke, and had to return to Paris, where he convalesced for several months.<ref name=grove/> In August 1868, he felt able to travel briefly to [[Grenoble]] to judge a choral festival.<ref>Barzun, p. 410</ref> After arriving back in Paris he gradually grew weaker and died at his house in the Rue de Calais on 8 March 1869, at the age of 65.<ref>Holoman (1989), p. 592</ref> He was buried in Montmartre Cemetery with his two wives, who were [[Exhumation|exhumed]] and re-buried next to him.<ref>Holoman (1989), p. 594</ref>
== Notas ==
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