Carl Nielsen: Diferenzas entre revisións
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=== Estudios e inicios da súa carreira ===
Estudou violín e teoría da música no [[conservatorio]] de [[Copenhaguen]] mais nunca tomou clases de [[composición]]. A pesar diso, empezou a compoñer. O 10 de abril de [[1891]], Nielsen casou coa escultora danesa Anne Marie Brodersen. A súa primeira [[sinfonía]] estreouse o 14 de marzo de [[1894]] sen maior éxito. Non obstante, a mesma obra obtivo un grande éxito cando se interpretou en [[Berlín]] en [[1896]]. A partir daquela, a súa sona comezou a medrar. Seguiu a tocar o violín no Teatro Real de Copenhaguenn até [[1905]], data na que atopou editor para as súas composicións. A partir de [[1916]] empezou a dar clases no Conservatorio Real Danés de Copenhaguen, traballo no que continuou até o seu pasamento.
[[Ficheiro:Carl Nielsen - 1879.jpg|miniatura|esquerda|upright=0.7|Nielsen, aos 14 anos, en Odense.]]
En 1881, Nielsen comezou a a tomarse o violín máis en serio, estudando de xeito privado con Carl Larsen, o sexton da [[Catedral de Odense]]. Descoñécese canto compuxo Nielsen durante este período, mais a partir da súa autobiografía, pode deducirse que escribiu aligns tríos e cuartetos para instrumentos de metal, e que vivo dificultades co feito de que os instrumentos de metal estaban afinados en distintas tonalidades. Logo dunha presentación a [[Niels Gade|Niels W. Gade]], o director da Academia Real en Copenhaguen, por quen foi ben recibido, Nielsen obtivo a súa liberación da banda militar a curto prazo,<ref name="mmio" /> e estudou na Academia dende principios de 1884.{{sfn|Ahlgren Jensen|2008}}
Aínda que non era un estudante sobresaliente e compuña pouco, Nielsen progresou ben co violín con [[Valdemar Toftel]] (1832-1907), e recibiu unha sólida base en [[teoría musical]] con [[Orla Rosenhoff]] (1844-1905), quen seguiría sendo un asesor valioso durante os seus primeiros anos como compositor profesional.{{Harvnp|Ahlgren Jensen|2008}} Tamén estudou composición con Gade, quen olle gustaba como amigo mais non pola súa música. Os contactos con outros estudantes e familias cultas de Copenhagen, aligns dos cales se converterían en amigos para toda a vida, volvéronse igualmente importantes. The patchy education resulting from his country background left Nielsen insatiably curious about the arts, philosophy and aesthetics. But, in the opinion of the musicologist [[David Fanning (musicologist)|David Fanning]], it also left him "with a highly personal, common man's point of view on those subjects".{{sfn|Fanning|2001|p=888}} He left the Academy at the end of 1886, after graduating with good but not outstanding marks in all subjects. He then went to stay with the retired Odense merchant Jens Georg Nielsen (1820–1901) and his wife at their apartment on Slagelsegade as he was not yet in a position to pay his own way.<ref name=studyyears>{{cite web |title=Study years |work=Carl Nielsen 2015 |url=http://carlnielsen.dk/pages/biography/study-years.php |accessdate=16 May 2015}}</ref> While there, he fell in love with their 14-year-old daughter Emilie Demant.<ref name=timeline>{{cite web |url=http://www.carlnielsen.org/en/timeline |title=Timeline |publisher=Carl Nielsen Society |accessdate=16 May 2015}}</ref> The affair was to last for the next three years.{{sfn|Fellow|2005}}
On 17 September 1887, Nielsen played the violin in the [[Tivoli Concert Hall]] when his ''Andante tranquillo e Scherzo'' for strings was premiered. Shortly afterwards, on 25 January 1888, his String Quartet in F major was played at one of the private performances of the {{lang|da|Privat Kammermusikforening}} (Private Chamber Music Society).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://carlnielsen.dk/pages/biography/young-and-promising.php|title=Young and promising|publisher=Carl Nielsen Society|accessdate=16 May 2015}}</ref> While Nielsen considered the Quartet in F to be his official debut as a professional composer, a far greater impression was made by his ''Suite for Strings''. Performed at [[Tivoli Gardens]], Copenhagen on 8 September 1888, it was designated by Nielsen as his Op. 1.{{sfn|Fanning|2001|pp=888–89}}
By September 1889 Nielsen had progressed well enough on the violin to gain a position with the second violins in the prestigious Royal Danish Orchestra which played at Copenhagen's [[Royal Danish Theatre|Royal Theatre]], then conducted by Johan Svendsen. In this position he experienced Giuseppe Verdi's ''Falstaff'' and ''Otello'' at their Danish premieres. Although this employment sometimes caused Nielsen considerable frustration, he continued to play there until 1905. After Svendsen's retirement in 1906, Nielsen increasingly served as conductor (being officially appointed assistant conductor in 1910).<ref name=timeline /><ref name="OCM-Layton">{{harvnb|Layton}}. ''Oxford Companion to Music''.</ref> Between graduation and attaining this position, he made a modest income from private violin lessons while enjoying the continuing support of his patrons, not only Jens Georg Nielsen but also Albert Sachs (born 1846) and Hans Demant (1827–1897) who both ran factories in Odense.<ref>{{cite web |title=Carl Nielsen & Anne Marie Carl-Nielsen |language=da |publisher=Odense Bys Museer |url=http://museum.odense.dk/viden/carl-nielsen-anne-marie-carl-nielsen/publikationer-/spillemand-cn |accessdate=16 May 2015}}</ref> After less than a year at the Royal Theatre, Nielsen won a scholarship of 1,800 kroner, giving him the means to spend several months travelling in Europe.{{sfn|Fanning|2001|pp=888–89}}
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