Interleucina 8: Diferenzas entre revisións

A '''interleucina 8''' ('''IL-8''' ou IL8), tamén chamada '''CXCL8''', é unha [[quimiocina]] producida polos [[macrófago]]s e outros tipos celulares como as [[epitelio|células epiteliais]], células do [[músculo liso]] das vías aéreas<ref name="pmid10873157">{{citeCita journalpublicación periódica | author = Hedges JC, Singer CA, Gerthoffer WT | title = Mitogen-activated protein kinases regulate cytokine gene expression in human airway myocytes | journal = Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. | volume = 23 | issue = 1 | pages = 86–94 | year = 2000 | pmid = 10873157 | doi = 10.1165/ajrcmb.23.1.4014 }}</ref> e células [[endotelio|endoteliais]]. As células endoteliais almacenan IL-8 nas súas vesículas de almacenamento chamadas [[corpo de Weibel-Palade|corpos de Weibel-Palade]].<ref name="pmid9802987">{{citeCita journalpublicación periódica | author = Wolff B, Burns AR, Middleton J, Rot A | title = Endothelial cell "memory" of inflammatory stimulation: human venular endothelial cells store interleukin 8 in Weibel-Palade bodies | journal = J. Exp. Med. | volume = 188 | issue = 9 | pages = 1757–62 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9802987 | pmc = 2212526 | doi = 10.1084/jem.188.9.1757 }}</ref><ref name="pmid9802986">{{citeCita journalpublicación periódica | author = Utgaard JO, Jahnsen FL, Bakka A, Brandtzaeg P, Haraldsen G | title = Rapid secretion of prestored interleukin 8 from Weibel-Palade bodies of microvascular endothelial cells | journal = J. Exp. Med. | volume = 188 | issue = 9 | pages = 1751–6 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9802986 | pmc = 2212514 | doi = 10.1084/jem.188.9.1751 }}</ref> Nos humanos, a [[proteína]] interleucina 8 está codificada no [[xene]] ''IL8'' (ou ''CXCL8'') do [[cromosoma 4]].<ref name="pmid1967588">{{citeCita journalpublicación periódica | author = Modi WS, Dean M, Seuanez HN, Mukaida N, Matsushima K, O'Brien SJ | title = Monocyte-derived neutrophil chemotactic factor (MDNCF/IL-8) resides in a gene cluster along with several other members of the platelet factor 4 gene superfamily | journal = Hum. Genet. | volume = 84 | issue = 2 | pages = 185–7 | year = 1990 | pmid = 1967588 | doi = 10.1007/BF00208938 }}</ref> A IL-8 é producida inicialmente como un [[péptido]] precursor de 99 [[aminoácido]]s, que posteriormente sofre unha clivaxe para dar lugar a varias [[isoforma]]s activas de IL-8.<ref name="Brat DJ 2005. pages 122-133">Brat DJ, Bellail AC, and Van Meir EG. 2005. The role of interleukin-8 and its receptors in gliomagenesis and tumoral angiogenesis. ''Neuro-oncology''. 7(2), páxinas 122-133</ref> En cultivo, a principal forma segregada polos macrófagos é un péptido de 72 aminoácidos.<ref name="Brat DJ 2005. pages 122-133"/>

Aínda que os granulocitos neutrófilos son as principais células diana para a IL-8, hai tamén unha gama relativamente ampla de células ([[célula endotelial|células endoteliais]], [[macrófago]]s, [[mastocito]]s, e [[queratinocito]]s) que responden a esta quimiocina. A actividade quimioatractora da IL-8 en concentracións similares ás dos vertebrados está probada no [[protozoo]] ''[[Tetrahymena]] pyriformis'', o cal suxire que esta quimiocina ten unha estrutura e función ben conservadas filoxeneticamente.<ref name="pmid9702410">{{citeCita journalpublicación periódica | author = Köhidai L, Csaba G | title = Chemotaxis and chemotactic selection induced with cytokines (IL-8, RANTES and TNF-alpha) in the unicellular Tetrahymena pyriformis | journal = Cytokine | volume = 10 | issue = 7 | pages = 481–6 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9702410 | doi = 10.1006/cyto.1997.0328 }}</ref>

A interleucina 8 está a miúdo asociada coa [[inflamación]]. Como exemplo, foi citada como mediador proinflamatorio na [[xinxivite]]<ref>Haake, SK, Huang, GTJ: Molecular Biology of the host-Microbe Interaction in Periodontal Diseases (Selected Topics). In Newman, Takei, Carranza, editors: ''Clinical Periodontology'', 9th Edition. Philadelphia: W.B.Saunders Co. 2002. páxina 162.</ref> e na [[psoriase]] [http://www.ucsf.edu/dpsl/psoriasis.html]. A [[secreción]] de interleucina 8 increméntase polo [[estrés oxidativo]], o cal causa o recrutamente de células inflamatorias e induce un maior incremento dos mediadores do estrés oxidativo, o que a fai un parámetro clave da inflamación localizada.<ref name="pmid10477716">{{citeCita journalpublicación periódica | author = Vlahopoulos S, Boldogh I, Casola A, Brasier AR | title = Nuclear factor-kappaB-dependent induction of interleukin-8 gene expression by tumor necrosis factor alpha: evidence for an antioxidant sensitive activating pathway distinct from nuclear translocation | journal = Blood | volume = 94 | issue = 6 | pages = 1878–89 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10477716 | doi = }}</ref> A IL-8 está asociada coa [[obesidade]].<ref name=ImmunologicProfile>{{citeCita journalpublicación periódica | author = Sharabiani MT, Vermeulen R, Scoccianti C, Hosnijeh FS, Minelli L, Sacerdote C, Palli D, Krogh V, Tumino R, Chiodini P, Panico S, Vineis P | title = Immunologic profile of excessive body weight | journal = Biomarkers | volume = 16 | issue = 3 | pages = 243–51 | year = 2011 | pmid = 21506696 | doi = 10.3109/1354750X.2010.547948 }}</ref>

A IL-8 tamén foi implicada no cancro colorrectal ao actuar como un [[factor de crecemento]] [[autócrino]] para as liñas celulares de carcinoma de colon<ref name="BrewErikson2000">{{citeCita journalpublicación periódica | author = Brew R, Erikson JS, West DC, Kinsella AR, Slavin J, Christmas SE | title = Interleukin-8 as an autocrine growth factor for human colon carcinoma cells in vitro | journal = Cytokine | volume = 12 | issue = 1 | pages = 78–85 | year = 2000 | pmid = 10623446 | doi = 10.1006/cyto.1999.0518 }}</ref> ou a promoción da división e posible migración na que están implicadas [[metaloproteinase]]s e o [[EGF]].<ref name="ItohJoh2005">{{citeCita journalpublicación periódica | author = Itoh Y, Joh T, Tanida S, Sasaki M, Kataoka H, Itoh K, Oshima T, Ogasawara N, Togawa S, Wada T, Kubota H, Mori Y, Ohara H, Nomura T, Higashiyama S, Itoh M | title = IL-8 promotes cell proliferation and migration through metalloproteinase-cleavage proHB-EGF in human colon carcinoma cells | journal = Cytokine | volume = 29 | issue = 6 | year = 2005 | pmid = 15749028 | doi = 10.1016/j.cyto.2004.11.005 }}</ref>

Segundo algúns estudos, se unha muller preñada ten niveis altos de interleucina 8, aumenta o risco de [[esquizofrenia]] na súa descendencia.<ref name="pmid15121655">{{citeCita journalpublicación periódica | author = Brown AS, Hooton J, Schaefer CA, Zhang H, Petkova E, Babulas V, Perrin M, Gorman JM, Susser ES | title = Elevated maternal interleukin-8 levels and risk of schizophrenia in adult offspring | journal = Am J Psychiatry | volume = 161 | issue = 5 | pages = 889–95 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15121655 | doi = 10.1176/appi.ajp.161.5.889 }}</ref> Ter niveis altos de IL-8 reduce a probabilidade de ter respostas positivas á medicación antipsicótica na esquizofrenia.<ref name="pmid15291683">{{citeCita journalpublicación periódica | author = Zhang XY, Zhou DF, Cao LY, Zhang PY, Wu GY, Shen YC | title = Changes in serum interleukin-2, -6, and -8 levels before and during treatment with risperidone and haloperidol: relationship to outcome in schizophrenia | journal = J Clin Psychiatry | volume = 65 | issue = 7 | pages = 940–7 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15291683 | doi = 10.4088/JCP.v65n0710 }}</ref>

A IL-8 foi renomeada como CXCL8 polo Subcomité de Nomenclatura de Quimiocinas da [[Unión Internacional de Sociedades Inmunolóxicas]],.<ref name="pmid12433287">{{citeCita journalpublicación periódica | author = Bacon K, Baggiolini M, Broxmeyer H, Horuk R, Lindley I, Mantovani A, Maysushima K, Murphy P, Nomiyama H, Oppenheim J, Rot A, Schall T, Tsang M, Thorpe R, Van Damme J, Wadhwa M, Yoshie O, Zlotnik A, Zoon K | title = Chemokine/chemokine receptor nomenclature | journal = J. Interferon Cytokine Res. | volume = 22 | issue = 10 | pages = 1067–8 | year = 2002 | pmid = 12433287 | doi = 10.1089/107999002760624305 }}</ref> O seu símbolo xénico aprobado pola [[Organización do Xenoma Humano]] (HUGO) é ''CXCL8''.

A expresión de IL-8 é regulada negativamente por medio de diversos mecanismos. O [[miARN]]-146a/b-5p reprime indirectamente a expresión de IL-8 ao silenciar a expresión de IRAK1.<ref name="pmid20148189">{{citeCita journalpublicación periódica | author = Bhaumik D, Scott GK, Schokrpur S, Patil CK, Orjalo AV, Rodier F, Lithgow GJ, Campisi J | title = MicroRNAs miR-146a/b negatively modulate the senescence-associated inflammatory mediators IL-6 and IL-8 | journal = Aging (Albany NY) | volume = 1 | issue = 4 | pages = 402–11 | year = 2009 | pmid = 20148189 | pmc = 2818025 | doi = }}</ref> Adicionalmente, o [[3'UTR]] de IL-8 contén un [[elemento rico en AU]], que o fai extremadamente inestable baixo certas condicións. A expresión de IL-8 está tamén regulada polo [[factor de transcrición]] [[NF-κB]].<ref name="RottnerFreyssinet2009">{{citeCita journalpublicación periódica | author = Rottner M, Freyssinet JM, Martínez MC | title = Mechanisms of the noxious inflammatory cycle in cystic fibrosis | journal = Respir. Res. | volume = 10 | issue = 1 | pages = 23 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19284656 | doi = 10.1186/1465-9921-10-23 }}</ref> A regulación polo [[NF-κB]] representa unha terapia anti-IL-8 nova para o seu uso en doenzas inflamatorias como a [[fibrose quística]].

== Véxase tamén ==

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