Lingua mescalero-chiricahua
O mescalero-chiricahua é unha lingua apacheana falada polos pobos mescalero e chiricahua en Oklahoma e Novo México. Está relacionada co navajo e co apache occidental e foi descrita en gran detalle polo antropólogo lingüista Harry Hoijer (1904–1976), especialmente en Hoijer & Opler (1938) e Hoijer (1946). A obra Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache Texts de Hoijer e Opler, inclúe unha introdución gramatical e historias relixiosas e seculares, que foron convertidos nun "libro" en liña dispoñible pola Universidade de Virxinia.
| Mescalero-chiricaua Ndee bizaa | ||
|---|---|---|
| Falado en: | Estados Unidos de América | |
| Rexións: | Oklahoma e Novo México | |
| Total de falantes: | 1 500 (2007) | |
| Familia: | Linguas na-dené Linguas atapascanas Linguas atapascanas meridionais Apache suroriental Occidental Mescalero-chiricaua | |
| Códigos de lingua | ||
| ISO 639-1: | --
| |
| ISO 639-2: | --- | |
| ISO 639-3: | apm
| |
| Mapa | ||
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| Status | ||
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Virginia Klinekole, a primeira presidenta muller da tribo apache mescalero, foi coñecida polos seus esforzos por preservar a lingua.[2]
Existe cando menos unha escola de inmersión lingüística para nenos en Mescalero.[3]
Notas editar
- ↑ Moseley, Christopher e Nicolas, Alexandre. "Atlas of the world's languages in danger". unesdoc.unesco.org. Consultado o 11 de xullo de 2022.
- ↑ Alamogordo Daily News, ed. (15 de marzo de 2011). "Former tribal leader dies : Past Mescalero president, council member, writer remembered". Arquivado dende o orixinal o 25 de maio de 2014. Consultado o 26 de marzo de 2013.
- ↑ "Archived copy". Arquivado dende o orixinal o 25 de maio de 2014. Consultado o 16 de agosto de 2015.
Véxase tamén editar
Bibliografía editar
- Hoijer, Harry. (n.d.). Chiricahua Apache stems. (Unpublished manuscript).
- Hoijer, Harry. (1938). The southern Athapaskan languages. American Anthropologist, 40 (1), 75-87.
- Hoijer, Harry. (1939). Chiricahua loan-words from Spanish. Language, 15 (2), 110-115.
- Hoijer, Harry. (1945). Classificatory verb stems in the Apachean languages. International Journal of American Linguistics, 11 (1), 13-23.
- Hoijer, Harry. (1945). The Apachean verb, part I: Verb structure and pronominal prefixes. International Journal of American Linguistics, 11 (4), 193-203.
- Hoijer, Harry. (1946). The Apachean verb, part II: The prefixes for mode and tense. International Journal of American Linguistics, 12 (1), 1-13.
- Hoijer, Harry. (1946). The Apachean verb, part III: The classifiers. International Journal of American Linguistics, 12 (2), 51-59.
- Hoijer, Harry. (1946). Chiricahua Apache. In C. Osgood (Ed.), Linguistic structures in North America. Nova York: Wenner-Green Foundation for Anthropological Research.
- Hoijer, Harry; & Opler, Morris E. (1938). Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache texts. The University of Chicago publications in anthropology; Linguistic series. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (Reprinted in 1964 by Chicago: University of Chicago Press; in 1970 by Chicago: University of Chicago Press; & in 1980 under H. Hoijer by Nova York: AMS Press, ISBN 0-404-15783-1).
- Opler, Morris E., & Hoijer, Harry. (1940). The raid and war-path language of the Chiricahua Apache. American Anthropologist, 42 (4), 617-634.
- Pinnow, Jürgen. (1988). Die Sprache der Chiricahua-Apachen: Mit Seitenblicken auf das Mescalero [The language of the Chiricahua Apache: With side glances at the Mescalero]. Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag.
- Webster, Anthony K. (2006). On Speaking to Him (Coyote): The Discourse Functions of the yi-/bi- Alternation in Some Chiricahua Apache Narratives. Southwest Journal of Linguistics, 25(2), 143-160.
- Young, Robert W. (1983). Apachean languages. In A. Ortiz, W. C. Sturtevant (Eds.), Handbook of North American Indians: Southwest, (Vol. 10), (p. 393-400). Washington: Smithsonian Institution. ISBN 0-16-004579-7.