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[[Ficheiro:Taxadiene.svg|miniatura|[[Taxadieno]]: un ditermpeno tricíclico.]]
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Igual que a maioría dos terpenos, os diterpenos poden presentar un enorme número de estruturas, que poden dividirse grosso modo polo número de aneis que teñan.
As with most terpenes a huge number of potential structures exists, which may be broadly divided according to the number of rings present.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Número de aneis!! Exemplos
! Number of rings !! Examples
|-
| 0 || [[PhytaneFitano]]
|-
| 1 || [[CembreneCembreno A]]
|-
| 2 || [[SclareneEsclareno]], [[LabdaneLabdano]]
|-
| 3 || [[AbietaneAbietano]], [[TaxadieneTaxadieno]]
|-
| 4 || [[StemareneEstemareno]], [[StemodeneEstemodeno]]
|}
== Biosíntese ==
DiterpenesOs arediterpenos derivedderívanse frompola theadición additiondunha of oneunidade IPP unita toun FPP topara formformar [[Geranylgeranylxeranilseranil pyrophosphate|geranylgeranyl-pyrophosphate]pirofosfato] (GGPP). FromA GGPP,partir structuraldeste diversityúltimo isconséguese achievedunha mainlygran bydiversidade twoestrutural classesgrazas ofa enzymesdúas clases de [[encima]]s: theas diterpenediterpeno synthasessintases ande cytocromesos [[citocromo P450|citocromos P450]]. SeveralAs diterpenesplantas aree produced[[cianobacterias]] byproducen plantsvarios and cyanobacteriaditerpenos. GGPPO isxeranilxeranilpirofosfato alsoé thetamén o precursor for the synthesisda ofsíntese thedo [[phytanefitano]] bypola theacción actiondo ofencima thexeranilxeranil enzyme geranylgeranyl reductaseredutase. ThisEste compoundcomposto isutilízase usedpara fora thebiosíntese biosynthesis ofde [[tocopheroltocoferol|tocoferois]]s ande theo phytyl[[grupo functionalfuncional]] groupfitil isutilízase usedna información the formation ofda [[ChlorophyllClorofila a|chlorophyllclorofila ''a'']], [[ubiquinoneubiquinona]]s, [[plastoquinoneplastoquinona]] ande phylloquinone[[filoquinona]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Pattanaik B, Lindberg P | title = Terpenoids and their biosynthesis in cyanobacteria | journal = Life | volume = 5 | issue = 1 | pages = 269–93 | date = January 2015 | pmid = 25615610 | pmc = 4390852 | doi = 10.3390/life5010269 }}</ref>
==Diterpenoids Diterpenoides ==
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Os diterpenos son definidos formalmente como [[hidrocarburo]]s e, por tanto, non conteñen heteroátomos. As estruturas funcionalizadas denomínanse máis propiamente '''diterpenoides''', aínda que na literatura científica ambos os termos se usan a miúdo de forma intercambiable. Aínda que hai moitas estruturas de [[terpeno]]s, poucas son bioloxicamente significativas; ao contrario, os diterpenoides posúen unha rica farmqacoloxía e inclúen importantes compostos co o o [[retinol]] e o [[fitol]].
Diterpenes are formally defined as being [[hydrocarbons]] and thus contain no heteroatoms. Functionalized structures should instead be called diterpenoids{{citation needed|date=August 2017}}, although in scientific literature the two terms are often used interchangeably. Although a wide range of terpene structures exist, few of them are biologically significant; by contrast, diterpenoids possess a rich pharmacology and include important compounds such as [[retinol]] and [[phytol]].
=== Taxanos ===
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[[Taxane]]s are class of diterpenoids featuring a [[taxadiene]] core. They are produced by plants of the genus ''[[Taxus]]'' (yew trees) and are widely used as [[chemotherapy]] agents.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Rowinsky, MD|first1=Eric K.|title=THE DEVELOPMENT AND CLINICAL UTILITY OF THE TAXANE CLASS OF ANTIMICROTUBULE CHEMOTHERAPY AGENTS|journal=Annual Review of Medicine|date=February 1997|volume=48|issue=1|pages=353–374|doi=10.1146/annurev.med.48.1.353|pmid=9046968}}</ref>
* ''[[Salvia divinorum]]'' yields [[Salvinorin A]], a psychotropic drug
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== Notas ==
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