Cabalo: Diferenzas entre revisións

A domesticación tamén é estudada usando material xenético dos cabalos modernos e comparándoo co presente nos ósos e dentes dos restos arqueolóxicos e paleontolóxicos das escavacións. A variación no material xenético amosa que moi poucos sementais salvaxes contribuíron á formación do cabalo doméstico,<ref name=Lau>{{Cita publicación periódica|doi=10.1093/molbev/msn239|author=Lau, A. N., Peng, L., Goto, H., Chemnick, L., Ryder, O. A. & Makova, K. D.|year= 2009|title= Horse Domestication and Conservation Genetics of Przewalski's Horse Inferred from Sex Chromosomal and Autosomal Sequences| journal= Molecular Biology and Evolution |volume=26 |issue=1|pages= 199–208|pmid=18931383}}</ref><ref name="Lindgren2004">{{Cita publicación periódica | last = Lindgren | first = Gabriella |autor2= Niclas Backström, June Swinburne, Linda Hellborg, Annika Einarsson, Kaj Sandberg, Gus Cothran, Carles Vilà, Matthew Binns & Hans Ellegren | year =2004 | title = Limited number of patrilines in horse domestication | journal = [[Nature Genetics]] | pmid = 15034578 | volume = 36 | issue = 4 | pages = 335–336 | doi = 10.1038/ng1326}}</ref> mentres que moitas eguas foron parte dos primeiros rabaños domesticados.<ref name=Lira>{{Cita publicación periódica| title=Ancient DNA reveals traces of Iberian Neolithic and Bronze Age lineages in modern Iberian horses| author=Lira, Jaime, et.al.| |journal= Molecular Ecology| volume=19| |issue= 1 | pages =64–78| year=2010| pmid=19943892 | url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/123191525/PDFSTART| doi=10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04430.x}}{{Ligazón morta|data=abril de 2019 }}</ref><ref name="Vila2001">{{Cita publicación periódica | last = Vilà | first = C. | year = 2001 | title = Widespread origins of domestic horse lineages | journal = [[Science]] | volume = 291 | issue = 5503 | pages = 474–477 | doi = 10.1126/science.291.5503.474 | pmid = 11161199 | display-authors = 1 | last2 = Leonard | first2 = JA | last3 = Gotherstrom | first3 = A | last4 = Marklund | first4 = S | last5 = Sandberg | first5 = K | last6 = Liden | first6 = K | last7 = Wayne | first7 = RK | last8 = Ellegren | first8 = H}}</ref><ref name=Cai>{{Cita publicación periódica | doi = 10.1016/j.jas.2008.11.006 | last1 = Cai | first1 = D. W. | last2 = Tang | first2 = Z. W. | last3 = Han | first3 = L. | last4 = Speller | first4 = C. F. | last5 = Yang | first5 = D. Y. Y. | last6 = Ma | first6 = X. L. | last7 = Cao | first7 = J. E. | last8 = Zhu | first8 = H. | last9 = Zhou | first9 = H. ''et al.'' | year = 2009 | title = Ancient DNA provides new insights into the origin of the Chinese domestic horse | url =http://www.sfu.ca/~donyang/adnaweb/Cai%20DW%20JAS2009.pdf |accessdate=17 January 2011 | journal = Journal of Archaeological Science | volume = 36 | issue =3 | pages = 835–842 | display-authors = 9}}</ref> Isto reflíctese nas diferenzas de variación xenética entre o ADN que se transmite pola liña paterna ([[cromosoma Y]]) contra o pasado por liña materna, ([[ADN mitocondrial]]). Hai niveis moi baixos de variabilidade do cromosoma Y,<ref name=Lau/><ref name="Lindgren2004" /> pero unha gran cantidade de variación xenética no ADN mitocondrial.<ref name=Lira/><ref name="Vila2001"/><ref name=Cai/> Tamén hai variacións xenéticas no ADN mitocondrial debido á inclusión de eguas salvaxes en rabaños domésticos.<ref name=Lira/><ref name="Vila2001"/><ref name=Cai/><ref>{{cita enciclopedia|author=Olsen, Sandra L.|title=Early Horse Domestication: Weighing the Evidence| encyclopedia=Horses & Humans: The Evolution of Human-Equine Relationships |editor=Olsen, Sandra L; Grant, Susan; Choyke, Alice M.; Bartosiewicz, Laszlo|publisher=Archaeopress |location=Oxford, UK |year=2006 |pages=81–113|isbn=1-84171-990-0}}</ref> Outra característica da domesticación é o incremento da variación da cor do seu pelo.<ref>Epstein, H. 1955 Domestication Features in Animals as Functions of Human Society Agricultural History Society. 29(4): 137–146</ref> Nos cabalos, incrementouse dramaticamente entre o -5000 e -3000.<ref name=coatColor>{{Cita publicación periódica | doi = 10.1126/science.1172750 | last1 = Ludwig | first1 = A. | last2 = Pruvost | first2 = M. | last3 = Reissmann | first3 = M. | last4 = Benecke | first4 = N. | last5 = Brockmann | first5 = G.A. | last6 = Castanos | first6 = P. | last7 = Cieslak | first7 = M. | last8 = Lippold | first8 = S. | last9 = Llorente | first9 = L. ''et al.'' | year = 2009 | title = Coat Color Variation at the Beginning of Horse Domestication |journal = Science | volume = 324 | issue = 5926| pages = 485–485 | pmid=19390039 | display-authors = 9}}</ref>