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O '''rabiforcado'''<ref>{{Cita publicación periódica|apelidos=Conde Teira|nome= M. A.|ano=1999|título=Nomes galegos para as aves ibéricas: lista completa e comentada|revista=Chioglossa|volume=1|páxinas=122|lugar=A Coruña|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7RxKxAQMjG8Y2RDNkZBX3Uxb1U/view|dataacceso=16 de agosto de 2018}}</ref> ou '''fragata'''<ref>{{DRAG|fragata}}</ref> (''Fregata magnificens'') é unha ave mariña da familia [[Fregatidae]]. Ten unha lonxitude de 89 a 114 cm, polo que é especie máis grande dos fregátidos. Vive en augas tropicais e subtropicais de América, entre o norte de México e Ecuador na costa do Pacífico e entre Florida e o sur de Brasil na costa do Atlántico. Hai tamén poboacións nas [[illas Galápagos]] no Pacífico e nas [[illas Cabo Verde]] no Atlántico africano.
With a length of {{convert|89|-|114|cm|in}} it is the largest species of frigatebird. It occurs over tropical and subtropical waters off America, between northern Mexico and Ecuador on the Pacific coast and between Florida and southern Brazil along the Atlantic coast. There are also populations on the [[Galápagos Islands]] in the Pacific and the [[Cape Verde]] islands in the Atlantic.
É unha especie grande, de constitución corporal lixeira, con plumaxe negro amarronado, ás estreitas e longas e unha cola fortemente bifurcada. O macho ten un rechamante [[saco gular]] que infla para atraer unha parella. A femia é lixeiramente máis grande e ten o peito e o ventre brancos. Comen peixes que collen en voo da superficie do océano (ás veces tamén [[peixe voador|peixes voadores]]), e ás veces realizan [[cleptoparasitismo]], acosando outras aves para forzalas a regurxitar ou ceder as súas capturas.
The magnificent frigatebird is a large, lightly built seabird with brownish-black plumage, long narrow wings and a deeply forked tail. The male has a striking red [[gular sac]] which it inflates to attract a mate. The female is slightly larger than the male and has a white breast and belly. Frigatebirds feed on fish taken in flight from the ocean's surface (often [[flying fish]]), and sometimes indulge in [[kleptoparasitism]], harassing other birds to force them to regurgitate their food.
== Historia e etimoloxía ==
==History and etymology==
[[ChristopherCristóbal ColumbusColón]] encounteredencontrou magnificentesta frigatebirdsespecie whencando passingnavegaba thepreto [[Capedas augas das illas Cabo Verde Islands]]na onsúa hisprimeira firstviaxe voyagea acrosstravés thedo AtlanticAtlántico inen 1492. HisO journalseu fordiario thede voyageviaxe survivespreservouse innunha aversión versionfeita madearredor in thede 1530s1530 bypor [[Bartolomé de las Casas]].<ref name=hartog>{{cite journal | last=Hartog | first=JC den | year=1993 | title=An early note on the occurrence of the Magnificent Frigate Bird, ''Fregata magnificens'' Mathews, 1914, in the Cape Verde Islands: Columbus as an ornithologist | journal=Zoologische Mededelingen | volume=67 | pages=361–364 | url=http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/149308 }}</ref> TheA entryentrada fordo 29 Septemberde reads insetembro Englishdi:
<blockquote>TheyViron sawun apaxaro birdchamado that is called arabiforcado frigatebird[''rabiforçado''], whichque makesfai theque boobiesos throwmascatos upvomiten whato theyque eatcomeron inpara ordercomelo to eat it herselfel, ande shenon doesse notmantén sustainde herselfnada on anything elsemáis. ItÉ isunha aave seabirdmariña, butpero doesnon notse alightpousa onno themar seanin norsae departde fromterra landa 20 leaguesleguas. There are many ofHai thesemoitos ondeles thenas islandsillas ofde CapeCabo Verde.<ref name=dunn>{{ cite book | last1=Dunn | first1=Oliver | last2=Kelley | first2=James E Jr | year=1989 | title=The Diario of Christopher Columbus's First Voyage to America, 1492-1493| publisher=University of Oklahoma Press | place=Norman, Okla USA | isbn=0-8061-2384-2 | page=45 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nS6kRnXJgCEC&pg=PA45 }}</ref></blockquote>
InNo thetexto 15thdo centuryséculo textXV theen name of the bird is writtencastelán asescribiu ''rabiforçado''., Theaínda modernque Spanisho wordnome foractual ausado frigatebirden iscastelán é ''rabihorcado'' orou "forked tail"fragata.<ref name=hartog/><ref name=dunn/> A populationpoboación ofdesta magnificentespecie frigatebirdsque onceantes bredse onreproducía thenas Capeillas de Cabo Verde Islandsagora está butprobablemente isextinta nowcomo probablypoboación extinctreprodutora.<ref>{{ cite journal | last1=Suárez | first1=Pedro López | last2=Hazevoet | first2=Cornelis J | last3=Palma | first3=Luís | year=2013 | title=Has the magnificent frigatebird ''Fregata magnificens'' in the Cape Verde Islands reached the end of the road? | journal=Zoologia Caboverdiana | volume=3 | issue=2 | pages=82–86 | url=http://www.scvz.org/zoolcv/vol3no2/Lopez%20Suarez%20et%20al%20magnificent%20frigatebird.pdf }}</ref>
TheA palabra fragata wordvén do italiano ''frigatebirdfregata'', derivesque fromse theaplicou Frenchaos mariners'barcos namede forguerra theveloces. birdOs ''Lamariños Frégate''franceses -adoitaban adarlle [[frigate]]ao orpáxaro fasto warshipnome de ''frégate''.<ref name=job>{{cite book | last= Jobling | first= James A | year= 2010| title= The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher=Christopher Helm | location = London | isbn = 978-1-4081-2501-4 | pages=164, 237}}</ref> TheUnha etymologyexplicación ofda theetimoloxía namee wasdescrición givenda byave Frenchdeuna naturalisto naturalista francés [[Jean-Baptiste du Tertre]] when describing the magnificent frigatebird inen 1667.<ref name=tertre>{{cite book | last=Jean-Baptiste | first=du Tertre | author-link=Jean-Baptiste Du Tertre | year=1667 | title=Histoire générale des Antilles habitées par les François | volume=Volume 2 | publisher=Thomas Joly | place=Paris | language=French | page=269, Plate p. 246 | url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k114021k/f297.image }}</ref>{{efn|Du Tertre wroteescibiu: "LoyseauO paxaro que lesos habitanshabitantes desdas IndesIndias appellentchaman ''Fregate'' (àa causecausa deda lavelocidade vistessedo deseu son volvoo) n'anon pasten leun corpcorpo plusmáis grosgrande qu'uneque o dun poulepolo ...".<ref name=tertre/>}} EnglishOs marinersmariñeiros referredingleses tochamáronlle frigatebirdsprimeiro asave Man-of-Warbuque birds. This name was used by the English explorer [[William Dampier]] inde his bookguerra (''An Account Man-of-War a New Voyage Around the Worldbird'' published in 1697:)<ref name=dampier>{{cite book | last=Dampier | first=James | author-link=William Dampier | year=1699 | origyear=1697 | title=An Account of a New Voyage Around the World | publisher=James Knapton | place=London | page=49 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=adsNAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA49 }}</ref> e despois fragata (''fregatebird'').<ref>{{cite book | last=Albin | first=Eleazar | author-link=Eleazar Albin | year=1738 | title=A Natural History of the Birds | volume= Volume 3 | page=75 and plate 80 on previous page | url=http://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/dms/load/img/?PPN=PPN469884460&DMDID=DMDLOG_0162&LOGID=LOG_0162&PHYSID=PHYS_0170 }}</ref>
<blockquote>The Man-of-War (as it is called by the English) is about the bigness of a Kite, and in shape like it, but black; and the neck is red. It lives on Fish yet never lights on the water, but soars aloft like a Kite, and when it sees its prey, it flys down head foremost to the Waters edge, very swiftly takes its prey out of the Sea with his Bill, and immediately mounts again as swiftly; never touching the Water with his Bill. His Wings are very long; his feet are like other Land-fowl, and he builds on Trees, where he finds any; but where they are wanting on the ground.<ref name=dampier/></blockquote>
The modern name ''Frigate Bird'' was used in 1738 by the English naturalist and illustrator [[Eleazar Albin]] in his ''A Natural History of the Birds''. The book included an illustration of the male bird showing the red [[gular pouch]].<ref>{{cite book | last=Albin | first=Eleazar | author-link=Eleazar Albin | year=1738 | title=A Natural History of the Birds | volume= Volume 3 | page=75 and plate 80 on previous page | url=http://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/dms/load/img/?PPN=PPN469884460&DMDID=DMDLOG_0162&LOGID=LOG_0162&PHYSID=PHYS_0170 }}</ref>
Like the genus name, the English term is derived from the French mariners' name for the bird ''la frégate''—a [[frigate]] or fast warship.<ref>{{cite book | last= Jobling | first= James A. | year= 2010| title= The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher=Christopher Helm | location = London, United Kingdom | isbn = 978-1-4081-2501-4 | page=164}}</ref>
== Taxonomía ==
The genus name, ''Fregata'' has the same source as the English term, and ''magnificens'' is [[Latin]] for "splendidly", from ''magnificus'', "grand".<ref name=job/>
==Taxonomy==
The magnificent frigatebird was originally considered to belong to the species ''Fregata aquila'' but in 1914 the Australian ornithologist [[Gregory Mathews]] proposed that the magnificent frigatebird should be considered as a separate species with the [[Binomial nomenclature|binomial name]] ''Fregata magnificens''.<ref>{{cite journal | last=Mathews | first=GM | author-link=Gregory Mathews | year=1914 | title=On the species and subspecies of the genus ''Fregata'' | journal=Australian Avian Record | volume=2 | issue=6 | pages=120 (117–121) | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34804726 }}</ref> Of the four other species within the genus ''Fregata'', genetic analysis has shown that the magnificent frigatebird is most closely related to the [[Ascension frigatebird]] (''Fregata aquila'').<ref name=kennedy04>{{cite journal | last1=Kennedy | first1=Martyn | last2=Spencer | first2=Hamish G | year=2004 | title=Phylogenies of the frigatebirds (Fregatidae) and tropicbirds (Phaethonidae), two divergent groups of the traditional order Pelecaniformes, inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences | journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume=31 | issue=1 | pages=31–38 | doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2003.07.007 | pmid=15019606}}</ref>
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