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=== Síntese a partir de compostos carbonilo ===
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Another important method for alkene synthesis involves construction of a new carbon–carbon double bond by coupling of a carbonyl compound (such as an [[aldehyde]] or [[ketone]]) to a [[carbanion]] equivalent. Such reactions are sometimes called ''olefinations''. The most well-known of these methods is the [[Wittig reaction]], but other related methods are known.
 
Outro importante método para a síntese de alquenos implican a construción dun novo enlace dobre carbono–carbono por acoplamento dun composto carbonilo (como un [[aldehido]] ou [[cetona]]) a un equivalente [[carbanión]]. Tales reaccións chámanse ás veces ''olefinaciós''. O máis coñecido destes métodos é a [[reacción de Wittig]], pero hai outros métodos relacionados.
The Wittig reaction involves reaction of an aldehyde or ketone with a [[Wittig reagent]] (or phosphorane) of the type Ph<sub>3</sub>P=CHR to produce an alkene and [[Triphenylphosphine oxide|Ph<sub>3</sub>P=O]]. The Wittig reagent is itself prepared easily from [[triphenylphosphine]] and an alkyl halide. The reaction is quite general and many functional groups are tolerated, even esters, as in this example:<ref name="Snider2006">{{cite journal| last=Snider| first=Barry B. | title=Synthesis of ent-Thallusin | journal=Org. Lett.| year=2006| volume=8| pages=2123–6|doi=10.1021/ol0605777| pmid=16671797| last2=Matsuo| first2=Y| last3=Snider| first3=BB| issue=10| pmc=2518398 }}</ref>
 
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[[Image:WittigReactionExample.png|350px|center|A typical example of the Wittig reaction]]
 
[[ImageFicheiro:WittigReactionExample.png|350px|center|AUn typicalexemplo exampletípico ofde thereacción Wittigde reaction Wittig]]
Related to the Wittig reaction is the [[Peterson olefination]]. This uses a less accessible silicon-based reagent in place of the phosphorane, but it allows for the selection of ''E''- or ''Z''-products. If an ''E''-product is desired, another alternative is the [[Julia olefination]], which uses the carbanion generated from a [[phenyl]] [[sulfone]]. The [[Takai olefination]] based on an organochromium intermediate also delivers E-products. A titanium compound, [[Tebbe's reagent]], is useful for the synthesis of methylene compounds; in this case, even esters and amides react.
 
Relacionada coa reacción de Wittig está a [[olefinación de Peterson]]. Isto usa un reactivo baseado no silicio menos accesible en lugar do fosforano, pero permite a selección de produtos ''E'' ou ''Z''. Se o que se desexa é un produto ''E'', outra alternativa é a [[olefinación de Julia]], que usa o carbanión xerado a partir dunha [[fenil]] [[sulfona]]. A [[olefinación de Takai]] baseada nun intermediario organochromo tamén orixina produtos ''E''. Un composto de [[titanio]] chamado [[reactivo de Tebbe]] é útil para a síntese de compostos metileno; neste caso, reaccionan mesmo os ésteres e amidas.
A pair of carbonyl compounds can also be reductively coupled together (with reduction) to generate an alkene. Symmetrical alkenes can be prepared from a single aldehyde or ketone coupling with itself, using [[titanium]] metal reduction (the [[McMurry reaction]]). If two different ketones are to be coupled, a more complex, indirect method such as the [[Barton–Kellogg reaction]] may be used.
 
Un par de compostos carbonilo poden tamén ser acoplados redutivamente xuntos (con redución) para xerar un alqueno. Os alquenos simétricos poden prepararse a partir dun só aldehido e cetona que se acopla con si mesmo, usando a redución de metal titanio (a [[reacción de McMurry]]). Se van ser acopladas dúas cetonas diferentes, pode usarse un método indirecto máis complexo como a [[reacción de Barton–Kellogg]].
A single ketone can also be converted to the corresponding alkene via its tosylhydrazone, using [[sodium methoxide]] (the [[Bamford–Stevens reaction]]) or an alkyllithium (the [[Shapiro reaction]]).
 
Unha soa cetona pode tamén converterse no alqueno correspondente por medio da súa tosilhidrazona, usando un [[metóxido de sodio]] (a [[reacción de Bamford–Stevens]]) ou un alquilitio (a [[reacción de Shapiro]]).
 
=== Síntese a partir de alquenos: metátese de olefinas e hidrovinilación ===
{{Artigo principal|Metátese de olefinas}}
{{main|Olefin metathesis}}
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Alkenes can be prepared by exchange with other alkenes, in a reaction known as [[olefin metathesis]]. Frequently, loss of ethene gas is used to drive the reaction towards a desired product. In many cases, a mixture of geometric isomers is obtained, but the reaction tolerates many functional groups. The method is particularly effective for the preparation of cyclic alkenes, as in this synthesis of [[muscone]]:
[[Image:MusconeViaRCM.png|500px|center|Ring-closing metathesis used in synthesis of muscone]]