Indicatóridos: Diferenzas entre revisións

Contido eliminado Contido engadido
Miguelferig (conversa | contribucións)
Sen resumo de edición
Miguelferig (conversa | contribucións)
Liña 23:
 
== Descrición ==
<!--
[[File:Wahlberg's Honeyguide (Prodotiscus regulus) - Juvenile fed by host parent Rock-loving Cisticola.jpg|thumb|left|[[Brown-backed honeybird]] juvenile fed by host parent, a [[rock-loving cisticola]]]]
 
[[FileFicheiro:Wahlberg's Honeyguide (Prodotiscus regulus) - Juvenile fed by host parent Rock-loving Cisticola.jpg|thumbmiiatura|leftesquerda|''[[Brown-backedProtodiscus honeybirdregulus]]'' juvenilexuvenil fedalimentado bypor host parent, aun ''[[rock-lovingCisticola cisticolaaberrans]]''.]]
Most honeyguides are dull-colored, though some have bright yellow coloring in the plumage. All have light outer tail feathers, which are white in all the African species.
 
A maioría dos indicatóridos son de cores apagadas, aínda que algúns teñen cores amarelos brillantes. Todos teñen plumas externas das colas claras, que son bracas en todas as especies africanas.
They are among the few birds that feed regularly on [[wax]]&mdash;[[beeswax]] in most species, and presumably the waxy secretions of [[scale insect]]s in the genus ''[[Prodotiscus]]'' and to a lesser extent in ''[[Melignomon]]'' and the smaller species of ''[[Indicator (genus)|Indicator]]''. They also feed on [[waxworm]]s which are the larvae of the waxmoth ''Galleria mellonella'', on [[bee]] colonies, and on flying and crawling insects, [[spider]]s, and occasional fruits. Many species join [[mixed-species feeding flock]]s.
 
Están entre os poucos paxaros que se alimentan regularmente de [[cera]]&mdash;[[cera de abella]] na maioría das especies, e presumiblemente as secrecións céreas de insectos [[Coccoidea]] no caso das aves do xénero ''[[Prodotiscus]]'' e en menor medida ''[[Melignomon]]'' e as especies menores do xénero ''[[Indicator]]''. Tamén se alimentan de larvas da [[avelaíña]] ''[[Galleria mellonella]]'', nas colonias de [[abella]]s, e de insectos voadores e trepadores, [[araña]]s, e froitos ocasionais. Moitas especies únense a bandadas de especies mixtas para a alimentación.
 
== Comportamento ==
=== Paxaros guías ===
 
HoneyguidesOs areindicadores namedson forfamosos apolo remarkablehábito habitobservado seennunha inou onedúas ordas twosúas speciesespecies: guidingguían humansaos tohumanos [[beeás hive|beecolmeas de colonies]]abellas. OnceUnha thevez hiveque isos openhomes andabren thea honeycolmea ise takenrecollen o mel, thea birdave feedsaliméntase ondas thelarvas remainingde larvaeabella ande waxcera dos restos rotos da colmea. ThisEste behaviorcomportamento isfoi wellmoi studiedben inestudado theno ''[[greaterIndicator honeyguideindicator]]''; somealgunhas authoritiesautoridades (followingseguindo a Friedmann, 1955) stateconsideran thatque ittamén alsoten occurseste inhábito thea especie ''[[scaly-throatedIndicator honeyguidevariegatus]]'', whilementres que outros non están de acordo otherscon disagreeisto (Short ande Horne, 2002). WildEstes honeyguidesindicadores havesilvestres demonstrateddemostraron theque capabilityteñen toa understandcapacidade de comprender a humanchamada callhumana topara accompanyque themos axude a tolocalizar locateo honeymel.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Claire N. |last1=Spottiswoode |first2=Keith S. |last2=Begg |first3=Colleen M. |last3=Begg |title=Reciprocal signaling in honeyguide-human mutualism |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |date=July 22, 2016 |doi=10.1126/science.aaf4885 |volume=353 |issue=6297 |pages=387–389}}</ref> DespiteMalia populara beliefcerenza popular, therenon ishai noprobas evidencede thatque honeyguidesestas guideaves theguíen tamén cara ao mel ao [[honey badgerratel]], thoughaínda que hai vídeos que aparentemente mostran polo theremenos arealgún videostipo aboutde thisrelación.<ref name=Dean_ConsBiol>{{cite journal|last=Dean|first=W. R. J.|author2=Siegfried, W. Roy |author3=MacDonald, I. A. W. |title=The Fallacy, Fact, and Fate of Guiding Behavior in the Greater Honeyguide|journal=Conservation Biology|date=1 March 1990|volume=4|issue=1|pages=99–101|doi=10.1111/j.1523-1739.1990.tb00272.x|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.1990.tb00272.x/abstract|accessdate=11 March 2013}}</ref><ref name=DiscoverBlog>{{cite web|last=Yong|first=Ed|title=Lies, damned lies, and honey badgers|url=http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/notrocketscience/2011/09/19/lies-damned-lies-and-honey-badgers/|publisher=Kalmbach|accessdate=11 March 2013|date=September 19, 2011}}</ref>
 
Porén, a maioría dos membros desta familia non guían os humanos ao mel.
Although most members of the family are not known to recruit "followers" in their quest for wax, they are also referred to as "honeyguides" by linguistic extrapolation.
 
=== Reprodución ===
<!--
 
The breeding behavior of eight species in ''Indicator'' and ''Prodotiscus'' is known. They are all [[brood parasite]]s that lay one [[Bird egg|egg]] in a nest of another species, laying eggs in series of about five during a period of five to seven days. Most favor hole-nesting species, often the related [[Lybiidae|barbets]] and [[woodpecker]]s, but ''Prodotiscus'' parasitizes cup-nesters such as [[white-eye]]s and [[Old World warbler|warbler]]s. Honeyguide nestlings have been known to physically eject their hosts' chicks from the nests and they have hooks on their [[beak]]s that are needle sharp with which they puncture the hosts' eggs or kill the nestlings.<ref name=EoB>{{cite book |editor=Forshaw, Joseph|author= Short, Lester L.|year=1991|title=Encyclopaedia of Animals: Birds|publisher= Merehurst Press|location=London|pages= 155|isbn= 1-85391-186-0}}</ref>
 
African honeyguide birds are known to lay their eggs in underground nests of other bee-eating bird species. The honeyguide chicks kill the hatchlings of the host using their needle-sharp beaks just after hatching, much as [[cuckoo]] hatchlings do. The honeyguide mother ensures her chick hatches first by internally incubating the egg for an extra day before laying it, so that it has a head start in development compared to the hosts' offspring.<ref>Davies, Ella [http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/14802180 "Underground chick-killers filmed"], ''[[British Broadcasting Corporation|BBC]] Nature''</ref>
-->
 
== Especies ==
TheOs Indicatoridae containsconteñen seventeendezasete [[speciesespecies]] inen fouratro [[genusxénero (bioloxía)|generaxéneros]]:
 
'''Familia: Indicatoridae'''
* '''GenusXénero: ''[[Indicator (genus)|Indicator]]'''''
** [[Spotted honeyguide]], ''I. maculatus''
** ''I. variegatus''
** [[Greater honeyguide]], ''I. indicator''
** [[Malaysian honeyguide]], ''I. archipelagicus''
** ''I. minor''
*** [[Thick-billed honeyguide]], ''I. (minor) conirostris''
** [[Willcocks's honeyguide]], ''I. willcocksi''
** [[Least honeyguide]], ''I. exilis''
** [[Dwarf honeyguide]], ''I. pumilio''
** [[Pallid honeyguide]], ''I. meliphilus''
** [[Yellow-rumped honeyguide]], ''I. xanthonotus''
* '''GenusXénero: ''[[Melichneutes]]'''''
** ''M. robustus''
* '''GenusXénero: ''[[Melignomon]]'''''
** [[Yellow-footed honeyguide]], ''M. eisentrauti''
** [[Zenker's honeyguide]], ''M. zenkeri''
* '''GenusXénero: ''[[Prodotiscus]]'''''
** [[Cassin's honeybird]], ''P. insignis''
** [[Green-backed honeybird]], ''P. zambesiae''
** ''P. regulus''
 
'''FAMILY: INDICATORIDAE'''
* '''Genus: ''[[Indicator (genus)|Indicator]]'''''
** [[Spotted honeyguide]], ''I. maculatus''
** [[Scaly-throated honeyguide]], ''I. variegatus''
** [[Greater honeyguide]], ''I. indicator''
** [[Malaysian honeyguide]], ''I. archipelagicus''
** [[Lesser honeyguide]], ''I. minor''
*** [[Thick-billed honeyguide]], ''I. (minor) conirostris''
** [[Willcocks's honeyguide]], ''I. willcocksi''
** [[Least honeyguide]], ''I. exilis''
** [[Dwarf honeyguide]], ''I. pumilio''
** [[Pallid honeyguide]], ''I. meliphilus''
** [[Yellow-rumped honeyguide]], ''I. xanthonotus''
* '''Genus: ''[[Melichneutes]]'''''
** [[Lyre-tailed honeyguide]], ''M. robustus''
* '''Genus: ''[[Melignomon]]'''''
** [[Yellow-footed honeyguide]], ''M. eisentrauti''
** [[Zenker's honeyguide]], ''M. zenkeri''
* '''Genus: ''[[Prodotiscus]]'''''
** [[Cassin's honeybird]], ''P. insignis''
** [[Green-backed honeybird]], ''P. zambesiae''
** [[Brown-backed honeybird]], ''P. regulus''
-->
== Notas ==
{{Listaref}}