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Algúns dos máis antigos [[fósil]]es da orde datan de hai máis de 60 millóns de anos, no [[paleoceno]] temperán. Trátase da familia dos ''[[Polydolopidae]]''.
Chegado o [[oligoceno]], cando os paucituberculados coñeceron a súa maior [[biodiversidade]], comeza tamén o seu declive. A unión das [[tectónica de placas|placas]] [[América|norte e sudamericanas]] provocou a invasión de novas especies no [[Sudamérica|subcontinente austral]]. Tratábase de [[placentarios|placentados]], máis preparados para a dura [[evolución|competencia evolutiva]], o que supuxo a [[extinción]] de moitas das especies de [[marsupiais]].
Como dato curioso cómpre sinalar que algúns [[fósil]]es desta orde, por exemplo da familia dos ''[[Groeberiidae]]'', foron descubertos con anterioridade ás especies vivas no tempo presente.
== TaxonomíaCladograma ==
<big>'''Orde ''Paucituberculata''''' <small>[[Florentino Ameghino|Ameghino]],1894</small></big>
*'''Suborde †''[[Caenolestoidea]]''''' <small>Trouessart, 1898</small>
** Familia indeteminada
*** Subfamilias indeterminadas
****Xénero †''[[Нalmarhiphus]]'' <small>Ameghino, 1899</small>
*****†''[[Halmarhiphus riggsi]]'' <small>Simpson, 1932</small>
**Familia †[[Sternbergiidae]] <small>Szalay, 1994</small>
***Xénero †''[[Carolopaulacoutoia]]'' <small>McKenna & Bell, 1997</small>
****†''[[Carolopaulacoutoia itaboraiensis]]'' <small>(Paula Couto, 1970)</small>
***Xénero †''[[Didelphopsis]]'' <small>Paula Couto, 1952</small>
****†''[[Didelphopsis cabrerai]]'' <small>Paula Couto, 1952</small>
***Xénero †''[[Itaboraidelphys]]'' <small>Marshall & de Muizon, 1984</small>
****†''[[Itaboraidelphys camposi]]'' <small>Marshall & de Muizon, 1984</small>
**Familia ''[[Caenolestidae]]'' <small>Trouessart, 1898</small>
***Subfamilias indeterminadas
****Xénero †''[[Evolestes]]'' <small>Goin ''et al.'', 2007</small>
*****†''[[Evolestes hadrommatos]]'' <small>Goin ''et al.'', 2007</small>
****Xénero †''[[Micrabderites]]'' <small>Simpson, 1932</small>
*****†''[[Micrabderites williamsi]]'' <small>Simpson, 1932</small>
****Xénero †''[[Perulestes]]'' <small>Goin & Candela, 2004</small>
*****†''[[Perulestes cardichi]]'' <small>Goin & Candela, 2004 ([[especie tipo]])</small>
*****†''[[Perulestes fraileyi]]'' <small>Goin & Candela, 2004</small>
***Subfamilia †[[Pichipilinae]] <small>Marshall, 1980</small>
****Xénero †''[[Pichipilus]]'' <small>Ameghino, 1890</small>
*****†''[[Pichipilus centinelus]]'' <small>Marshall & Pascual, 1977</small>
*****†''[[Pichipilus halleuxi]]'' <small>Marshall, 1990</small>
*****†''[[Pichipilus osborni]]'' <small>Ameghino, 1890 ([[especie tipo]])</small>
*****†''[[Pichipilus rigssi]]'' <small>(Simpson, 1932)</small>
****Xénero †''[[Phonocdromus]]'' <small>Ameghino, 1894</small>
*****†''[[Phonocdromus gracilis]]'' <small>Ameghino, 1894 ([[especie tipo]])</small>
*****†''[[Phonocdromus patagonicus]]'' <small>Ameghino, 1894</small>
****Xénero †''[[Pliolestes]]'' <small>Reig, 1955</small>
*****†''[[Pliolestes venetus]]'' <small>Goin, Montalvo & Visconti, 2000</small>
*****†''[[Pliolestes tripotamicus]]'' <small>Reig, 1955 ([[especie tipo]])</small>
***Subfamilia ''[[Caenolestinae]]'' <small>Trouessart, 1898</small>
****Xénero ''[[Caenolestes]]'' <small>Thomas, 1895</small>
*****''[[Caenolestes caniventer]]'' <small>Anthony, 1921</small>
*****''[[Caenolestes condorensis]]'' <small>Albuja & Patterson, 1996</small>
*****''[[Caenolestes convelatus]]'' <small>Anthony, 1924</small>
*****''[[Caenolestes fuliginosus]]'' <small>(Tomes, 1863) ([[especie tipo]])</small>
*****†''[[Caenolestes judithae]]''
*****†''[[Caenolestes minor]]''
****Xénero ''[[Lestoros]]'' <small>Oehser, 1934</small>
*****''[[Lestoros inca]]'' <small>(Thomas, 1917)</small>
****Xénero †''[[Pseudhalmarhiphus]]'' <small>Ameghino, 1903</small>
*****†''[[Pseudhalmarhiphus guaraniticus]]'' <small>(Ameghino, 1899)</small>
****Xénero ''[[Rhyncholestes]]'' <small>Osgood, 1924</small>
*****''[[Rhyncholestes raphanurus]]'' <small>Osgood, 1924</small>
****Xénero †''[[Stilotherium]]'' <small>Ameghino, 1887</small>
*****†''[[Stilotherium dissimile]]'' <small>Ameghino, 1887</small>
**Familia †[[Palaeothentidae]] <small>Sinclair, 1906</small>
*** ''[[Incertae sedis]]''
****Xénero †''[[Hondathentes]]'' <small>Dumont & Bown, 1993</small>
*****†''[[Hondathentes cazador]]'' <small>Dumont & Bown, 1993</small>
***Subfamilia †[[Acdestinae]] <small>Bown & Fleagle, 1993</small>
****Xénero †''[[Acdestis]]'' <small>Ameghino, 1887</small>
*****†''[[Acdestis gracilis]]''
*****†''[[Acdestis lemairei]]'' <small>Bown & Fleagle, 1993</small>
*****†''[[Acdestis maddeni]]'' <small>Goin, Sánchez-Villagra, Kay, Anaya-Daza & Takai, 2003</small>
*****†''[[Acdestis obusta]]''
*****†''[[Acdestis oweni]]'' <small>Ameghino, 1887 ([[especie tipo]])</small>
*****†''[[Acdestis robustus]]''
*****†''[[Acdestis spegazinii]]''
****Xénero †''[[Acdestodon]]'' <small>Bown & Fleagle, 1993</small>
*****†''[[Acdestodon bonapartei]]'' <small>Bown & Fleagle, 1993</small>
****Xénero †''[[Acdestoides]]'' <small>Bown & Fleagle, 1993</small>
*****†''[[Acdestoides praecursor]]'' <small>(Loomis, 1914)</small>
****Xénero †''[[Trelewthentes]]'' <small>Bown & Fleagle, 1993</small>
*****†''[[Trelewthentes rothi]]'' <small>Bown & Fleagle, 1993</small>
**Subfamilia †[[Palaeothentinae]] <small>Sinclair, 1906</small>
***Xénero †''[[Carlothentes]]'' <small>Bown & Fleagle, 1993</small>
****†''[[Carlothentes chubutensis]]'' <small>(Ameghino, 1897)</small>
***Xénero †''[[Palaeothentes]]'' <small>Ameghino, 1887</small>
****†''[[Palaeothentes aratae]]'' <small>Ameghino, 1887 ([[especie tipo]])</small>
****†''[[Palaeothentes boliviensis]]'' <small>Patterson et Marshall, 1978</small>
****†''[[Palaeothentes lemoinei]]'' <small>Ameghino, 1887</small>
****†''[[Palaeothentes marshalli]]'' <small>Bown & Fleagle, 1993</small>
****†''[[Palaeothentes migueli]]'' <small>Bown & Fleagle, 1993</small>
****†''[[Palaeothentes minutus]]'' <small>Ameghino, 1887</small>
****†''[[Palaeothentes pascuali]]'' <small>Bown & Fleagle, 1993</small>
****†''[[Palaeothentes primus]]'' <small>(Ameghino, 1902)</small>
****†''[[Palaeothentes smeti]]'' <small>Flynn ''et al.'', 2002</small>
***Xénero †''[[Pilchenia]]'' <small>Ameghino, 1903</small>
****†''[[Pilchenia antiqua]]'' <small>Goin ''et al.'', 2010</small>
****†''[[Pilchenia intermedia]]'' <small>Goin ''et al.'', 2010</small>
****†''[[Pilchenia lucina]]'' <small>Ameghino, 1903 ([[especie tipo]])</small>
***Xénero †''[[Propalaeothentes]]'' <small>Bown & Fleagle, 1993</small>
****†''[[Propalaeothentes hatcheri]]'' <small>Bown & Fleagle, 1993</small>
****†''[[Propalaeothentes lepidus]]'' <small>(Ameghino, 1891) ([[especie (bioloxía)|especie tipo]])</small>
***Xénero †''[[Titanothentes]]'' <small>Rae ''et al.'', 1996</small>
****†''[[Titanothentes simpsoni]]'' <small>Rae ''et al.'', 1996</small>
**Familia †[[Abderitidae]] <small>Ameghino, 1889</small>
***Xénero †''[[Abderites]]'' <small>Ameghino, 1887</small>
****†''[[Abderites meridionalis]]'' <small>Ameghino, 1887 ([[especie tipo]])</small>
****†''[[Abderites pristinus]]'' <small>Marshall, 1976</small>
***Xénero †''[[Pitheculites]]'' <small>Ameghino, 1902</small>
****†''[[Pitheculites chenche]]'' <small>Dumont & Bown, 1997</small>
****†''[[Pitheculites minimus]]'' <small>Ameghino, 1902 ([[especie tipo]])</small>
****†''[[Pitheculites rothi]]'' <small>Marshall, 1990</small>
*'''Suborde †''[[Polydolopimorphia]]''''' (Marshall ''et al.'', 1990)
**Infraorde ''[[Incertae sedis]]''
***Familia †[[Protodidelphidae]] <small>Marshall, 1987</small>
****Xénero †''[[Bobbschaefferia]]'' <small>Paula Couto, 1970</small>
*****†''[[Bobbschaefferia fluminensis]]'' <small>Paula Couto, 1970</small>
***Xénero †''[[Carolocoutoia]]'' <small>Goin, Oliveira & Candela, 1998</small>
****†''[[Carolocoutoia ferigoloi]]'' <small>Goin, Oliveira & Candela, 1998</small>
***Xénero †''[[Guggenheimia]]'' <small>Paula Couto, 1952</small>
****†''[[Guggenheimia brasiliensis]]'' <small>Paula Couto, 1952 ([[especie tipo]])</small>
****†''[[Guggenheimia crocheti]]'' <small>Oliveira & Goin, 2011</small>
***Xénero †''[[Periprotodidelphis]]'' <small>Oliveira & Goin, 2011</small>
****†''[[Periprotodidelphis bergqvistae]]'' <small>Oliveira & Goin, 2011</small>
***Xénero †''[[Protodidelphis]]'' <small>Paula Couto, 1952</small>
****†''[[Protodidelphis vanzolinii]]'' <small>Paula Couto, 1952</small>
***Xénero †''[[Reigia]]'' <small>Pascual, 1983</small>
****†''[[Reigia punae]]'' <small>Pascual, 1983</small>
***Xénero †''[[Zeusdelphys]]'' <small>Marshall, 1982</small>
****†''[[Zeusdelphys complicatus]]'' <small>Marshall, 1982</small>
**Infraorde †[[Polydolopoidea]] <small>Ameghino, 1897</small>
***Familia ''[[Incertae sedis]]''
*****Xénero †''[[Palangania]]'' <small>Goin, Candela, Bond, Pascual & Escribano, 1998</small>
****†''[[Palangania brandmayri]]'' <small>Goin, Candela, Bond, Pascual & Escribano, 1998</small>
****Familia †[[Sillustaniidae]] <small>Crochet & Sigé, 1996</small>
****Xénero †''[[Sillustania]]'' <small>Crochet & Sigé, 1996</small>
*****†''[[Sillustania quechuense]]'' <small>Crochet & Sigé, 1996</small>
****Familia †[[Bonapartheriidae]] <small>Pascual, 1980</small>
****Xénero †''[[Bonapartherium]]'' <small>Pascual, 1980</small>
*****†''[[Bonapartherium hinakusijum]]'' <small>Pascual, 1980 ([[especie tipo]])</small>
*****†''[[Bonapartherium serrensis]]'' <small>Goin, Candela & Lopez, 1998</small>
******Xénero †''[[Epidolops]]'' <small>Paula Couto, 1952</small>
******†''[[Epidolops ameghinoi]]'' <small>Paula Couto, 1952</small>
****Familia †[[Prepidolopidae]] <small>Pascual, 1980</small>
****Xénero †''[[Prepidolops]]'' <small>Pascual, 1980</small>
****†''[[Prepidolops didelphoides]]'' <small>Pascual, 1980</small>
****†''[[Prepidolops molinai]]'' <small>Pascual, 1980</small>
****Xénero †''[[Punadolops]]'' <small>Goin, Candela & Lopez, 1998</small>
*****†''[[Punadolops alonsoi]]'' <small>(Pascual, 1983)</small>
****Xénero †''[[Seumandia]]'' (Simpson, 1935)
*****†''[[Seumandia yapa]]'' (Simpson, 1935)
****Familia †[[Rosendolopidae]] <small>Goin, Abello & Chornogubsky, 2010</small>
****Xénero †''[[Hondonadia]]'' <small>Goin & Candela, 1998</small>
*****†''[[Hondonadia feruglioi]]'' <small>Goin & Candela, 1998 ([[especie tipo]])</small>
*****†''[[Hondonadia fierroensis]]'' <small>(Flynn et Wyss, 1999)</small>
*****†''[[Hondonadia parca]]'' <small>Goin, Abello & Chornogubsky, 2010</small>
*****†''[[Hondonadia pittmanae]]'' <small>Goin & Candela, 2004</small>
*****†''[[Hondonadia praecipitia]]'' <small>Goin, Abello & Chornogubsky, 2010</small>
*****†''[[Hondonadia pumila]]'' <small>Goin, Abello & Chornogubsky, 2010</small>
****Xénero †''[[Rosendolops]]'' <small>Goin & Candela, 1996</small>
*****†''[[Rosendolops ebaios]]'' <small>Goin, Abello & Chornogubsky, 2010</small>
*****†''[[Rosendolops primigenium]]'' <small>Goin & Candela, 1996 ([[especie tipo]])</small>
***Familia †[[Polydolopidae]] (Ameghino, 1897)
****Subfamilia †[[Parabderitinae]] (Marshall, 1980)
****Xénero †''[[Parabderites]]'' (Ameghino, 1902)
*****†''[[Parabderites bicrispatus]]''
*****†''[[Parabderites minusculus]]'' (Ameghino, 1902)
*****†''[[Parabderites trisulcatus]]''
****Subfamilia †[[Polydolopinae]] (Ameghino, 1897)
*****Xénero †''[[Amphidolops]]'' (Ameghino, 1902)
******†''[[Amphidolops serrula]]'' (Ameghino, 1902)
******†''[[Amphidolops yapa]]'' (Simpson, 1935)
*****Xénero †''[[Antarctodolops]]''
******†''[[Antarctodolops dailyi]]''
*****Xénero †''[[Eudolops]]'' (Ameghino, 1902)
******†''[[Eudolops hernandezi]]''
******†''[[Eudolops tetragonus]]''
*****Xénero †''[[Eurydolops]]'' (Case & Chaney & Woodburne, 1988)
******†''[[Eurydolops seymourensis]]'' (Case & Chaney & Woodburne, 1988)
*****Xénero †''[[Kramadolops]]'' <small>Goin, Abello & Chornogubsky, 2010</small>
******†''[[Kramadolops abanicoi]]'' <small>(Flynn & Wiss, 1999)</small>
******†''[[Kramadolops fissuratus]]'' <small>Goin, Abello & Chornogubsky, 2010</small>
******†''[[Kramadolops maximus]]'' <small>Goin, Abello & Chornogubsky, 2010</small>
******†''[[Kramadolops mayoi]]'' <small>(Pascual et Odreman Rivas, 1971) ([[especie tipo]])</small>
******†''[[Kramadolops mckennai]]'' <small>(Flynn & Wiss, 2004)</small>
*****Xénero †''[[Polydolops]]'' (Ameghino, 1897)
******†''[[Polydolops clavulus]]''
******†''[[Polydolops dailyi]]'' (Woodburne & Zinsmeister, 1984)
******†''[[Polydolops kamektsen]]'' (Simpson, 1935)
*******†''[[Polydolops rothi]]'' Simpson, 1935)
******†''[[Polydolops serra]]''
******†''[[Polydolops thomasi]]'' (Ameghino, 1897)
******†''[[Polydolops winecage]]'' (Simpson, 1935)
*****Xénero †''[[Pseudolops]]'' (Ameghino, 1902)
******†''[[Pseudolops princeps]]'' (Ameghino, 1902)
*****Xénero †''[[Roberthoffstetteria]]'' <small>Marshall & De Muizon & Sigé, 1983</small>
******†''[[Roberthoffstetteria nationalgeographica]]'' <small>Marshall & De Muizon & Sigé, 1983</small>
***Infraorde †[[Simpsonitheria]]
****Superfamilia †[[Argyrolagoidea]]
*****Familia †[[Gashterniidae]]
******Xénero †''[[Gashternia]]'' (Simpson, 1935)
******†''[[Gashternia ctalehor]]'' (Simpson, 1935)
*****Familia †''[[Argyrolagidae]]''
******Xénero †''[[Argyrolagus]]'' (Ameghino, 1904)
*******†''[[Argyrolagus palmeri]]''
*******†''[[Argyrolagus parodii]]''
*******†''[[Argyrolagus scagliai]]''
******Xénero †''[[Hondalagus]]'' (Marshall & Villaroel, 1988)
*******†''[[Hondalagus altiplanensis]]'' (Marshall & Villaroel, 1988)
******Xénero †''[[Microtragulus]]'' (Ameghino, 1904)
*******†''[[Microtragulus argentinus]]''
*******†''[[Microtragulus bolivianus]]''
*******†''[[Microtragulus catamarcensis]]''
*******†''[[Microtragulus reigi]]''
*****Xénero †''[[Proargyrolagus]]'' (Wolff, 1984)
******†''[[Proargyrolagus bolivianus]]'' (Wolff, 1984)
*****Familia †[[Groeberiidae]] <small>Patterson, 1952</small>
******Subfamilia †[[Groeberiinae]] <small>Patterson, 1952</small>
*******Xénero †''[[Groeberia]]'' <small>Patterson, 1952</small>
********†''[[Groeberia minoprioi]]'' <small>Patterson, 1952 ([[especie tipo]])</small>
********†''[[Groeberia pattersoni]]'' <small>Simpson, 1970</small>
******''Subfamilia †''[[Patagoniinae]]''''' <small>Pascual & Carlini, 1987</small>
*******Xénero †''[[Patagonia (animal)|Patagonia]]'' <small>Pascual & Carlini, 1987</small>
********†''[[Patagonia peregrina]]'' <small>Pascual & Carlini, 1987</small>
*******Xénero †''[[Klohnia]]'' <small>Flynn & Wyss, 1999</small>
********†''[[Klohnia charrieri]]'' <small>Flynn & Wyss, 1999 ([[especie tipo]])</small>
********†''[[Klohnia major]]'' <small>Goin, Abello & Chornogubsky, 2010</small>
*******Xénero †''[[Epiklohnia]]'' <small>Goin, Abello & Chornogubsky, 2010</small>
********†''[[Epiklohnia verticalis]]'' <small>Goin, Abello & Chornogubsky, 2010</small>
*******Xénero †''[[Praedens]]'' <small>Goin, Abello & Chornogubsky, 2010</small>
********†''[[Praedens aberrans]]'' <small>Goin, Abello & Chornogubsky, 2010</small>
****Superfamilia †[[Caroloameghinioidea]] <small>Ameghino, 1901</small>
*****Familia †[[Glasbiidae]] <small>Clemens, 1966</small>
******Xénero †''[[Glasbius]]'' <small>Clemens, 1966</small>
*******†''[[Glasbius intricatus]]'' <small>Clemens, 1966 ([[especie tipo]])</small>
*******†''[[Glasbius twitchelli]]'' <small>Archibald, 1982</small>
******Xénero †''[[Periakros]]'' <small>Goin ''et al''., 2010</small>
*******†''[[Periakros ambiguus]]'' <small>Goin ''et al''., 2010</small>
*****Familia †[[Caroloameghiniidae]] <small>Ameghino, 1901</small>
******Xénero †''[[Caroloameghinia]]'' <small>Ameghino, 1901</small>
*******†''[[Caroloameghinia tenuis]]'' <small>Ameghino, 1901</small>
******Xénero †''[[Chulpasia]]'' (Crochet & Sigé, 1993)
*******†''[[Chulpasia mattaueri]]'' (Crochet & Sigé, 1993)
******Xénero †''[[Procaroloameghinia]]'' <small>Marshall, 1982</small>
*******†''[[Procaroloameghinia pricei]]'' <small>Marshall, 1982</small>
******Xénero †''[[Robertbutleria]]'' <small>Marshall, 1987</small>
*******†''[[Robertbutleria mastodontoidea]]'' <small>Marshall, 1987</small> (tamén ''[[Protodidelphis mastodontoides]]'' <small>(Marshall, 1987)</small>)
A continuación, móstrase un [[clado]]grama dos paucituberculados:<ref name=SN2K>Systema Naturae 2000 en The Taxonomicon</ref>
=== Cladograma ===
-o Orde ''Paucituberculata'' - [[Florentino Ameghino|Ameghino]], 1894
A continuación o cladograma:<ref name=SN2K>Systema Naturae 2000 en The Taxonomicon</ref>
-o Orde ''Paucituberculata'' - Ameghino, 1894
|-o Superfamilia ''[[Argyrolagoidea]]'' - (Ameghino, 1904) (†)
| |-o Familia ''[[Argyrolagidae]]'' - Ameghino, 1904 (†)
| 