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As '''proteínas do grupo de alta mobilidade''' ou HMG (do inglés ''high-mobility group'') é un grupo de [[proteína]]s [[cromosoma|cromosómicas]] que interveñen na regulación de procesos dependentes do ADN como a
[[TranscriptionTranscrición (geneticsxenética)|transcriptiontranscrición]], [[DNAreplicación replication|replicationdo ADN]], [[geneticrecombinación recombination|recombinationxenética]], ande [[DNAreparación do repairADN]].<ref name = "Rajeswari_2002">{{cite journal | author = Rajeswari MR, Jain A | title = High-mobility-group chromosomal proteins, HMGA1 as potential tumour markers | journal = Current Science | year = 2002 | pages = 838–844 | volume = 82 | issue = 7 | url = http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/apr102002/838.pdf }}</ref>
TheyForon wereilladas originallyorixinalmente isolatedde fromcélulas [[mammalian]]de cellsmamíferos, ande nameddenominadas accordingde toacordo theirá súa mobilidade [[ electrophoreticelectroforese|electroforética]] mobilityen inxeles de [[ polyacrylamidepoliacrilamida]] gels.<ref name="isbn0-12-386050-4">{{cite book | author = Johns EB | authorlink = | editor = | others = | title = The HMG chromosomal proteins | edition = | language = | publisher = Academic Press | location = Boston | year = 1982 | origyear = | pages = | quote = | isbn = 0-12-386050-4 | oclc = | doi = | url = | accessdate = }}</ref> ▼
==Familias==
As proteínas HMG subdivídense en 3 superfamilias, cada unha das cales contén un [[dominio proteíco|dominio]] funcional característico:
The HMG proteins are subdivided into 3 superfamilies each containing a characteristic functional domain:
* [[HMGA]] – containscontén anun dominio de [[gancho AT-hook]] domain
** [[HMGA1]]
** [[HMGA2]]
* HMGB – containscontén aun dominio de [[caixa HMG-box]], que se encontran en moitos organismos domaineucariotas
** [[HMGB1]]
** [[HMGB2]]
** [[HMGB4]]
* [[HMGN]] – contén un dominio de unión nucleosómico
* [[HMGN]] – contains a [[High mobility group protein HMG14 and HMG17|nucleosomal binding domain]]
** [[HMGN1]]
** [[HMGN2]]
** [[HMGN4]]
* [[SRY|Sex-DeterminingProteína Regionda rexión Y Proteindeterminante do sexo]]
* TCF Transcription Factors
** [[Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1]]
** T Cell Transcription Factor 1
* Factores de transcrición TCF
Proteins containing any of these embedded in their sequence are known as HMG motif proteins.
** [[Factor de unión ao amplificador linfoide 1]]
[[HMG-box]] proteins are found in a variety of [[eukaryotic]] organisms.
** Factor de Transcrición de Célula T 1
As proteínas que conteñen calquera destes motivos incrustados na súa secuencia denomínanse proteínas de motivo HMG.
▲They were originally isolated from [[mammalian]] cells, and named according to their [[electrophoretic]] mobility in [[polyacrylamide]] gels.<ref name="isbn0-12-386050-4">{{cite book | author = Johns EB | authorlink = | editor = | others = | title = The HMG chromosomal proteins | edition = | language = | publisher = Academic Press | location = Boston | year = 1982 | origyear = | pages = | quote = | isbn = 0-12-386050-4 | oclc = | doi = | url = | accessdate = }}</ref>
==Función==
HMGAs proteinsproteínas areHMG thoughtcrese toque playdesempeñan aun significantpapel rolesignificativo inen variousvarios humantrastornos disordershumanos. DisruptionsAs andalteracións rearrangementse inrearranxos thenos genesxenes codingque forcodifican somealgunhas ofdas theproteínas HMG proteinsestán areasociados associatedcon withalgúns sometumores common benign tumorsbenignos. Os [[Antibodiesanticorpo]]s tocontra HMGas proteinsproteínas areHMG foundpoden inencontrarse patientsen sufferingpacientes fromde doenzas [[autoimmuneautoinmunidade|autoinmunes]] diseases. TheO xene [[SRY]] genesituado onno the[[cromosoma Y Chromosome]], responsibleresponsable forda malediferenciación sexual differentiationmasculina, containscontén anun HMG-Boxdominio domain.de caixa AHMG. memberUn ofmembroi theda familia HMG familyde ofproteínas proteins,é [[HMGB1]], hasque alsose beenobservou shownque toten havetamén anunha extracellularactividade activityextracelular as acomo [[chemokinequimiocina]], attractingque atrae a [[neutrophilsneutrófilo]]s ande mononuclearcélulas inflammatoryinflamatorias cellsmononucleares to the infectedao [[liverfígado]] infectado.<ref name="pmid16935945">{{cite journal | author = Sitia G, Iannacone M, Müller S, Bianchi ME, Guidotti LG | title = Treatment with HMGB1 inhibitors diminishes CTL-induced liver disease in HBV transgenic mice | journal = J. Leukoc. Biol. | volume = 81 | issue = 1 | pages = 100–7 |date=January 2007 | pmid = 16935945 | doi = 10.1189/jlb.0306173 | url = }}</ref>
== Notas ==
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