Astana: Diferenzas entre revisións

As funcións administrativas e de goberno son a principal actividade económica de Astana. A cidade pertence a unha [[Zona Económica Especial]], que tenta desenvolver a cidade para que poida facer fronte á competencia de [[Almaty]], que ten 1. 500. 000 de habitantes.

* {{TURb}} '''[[Esmirna]]''', Turquía <small>''(dende 1994)''</small>

* {{TURb}} '''[[Ancara]]''', Turquía<ref name="Ankara twinnings">{{cita web|url=http://www.ankara-bel.gov.tr/AbbSayfalari/hizmet_birimleri/dis_dairesi_baskanligi/avrupa_gunu_kutlamasi.aspx|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20090114033014/http://www.ankara-bel.gov.tr/AbbSayfalari/hizmet_birimleri/dis_dairesi_baskanligi/avrupa_gunu_kutlamasi.aspx|title=Kardeş Kentleri Listesi ve 5 Mayıs Avrupa Günü Kutlaması ''[via WaybackMachine.com]''|publisher= Ankara Büyükşehir Belediyesi - Tüm Hakları Saklıdır|archivedate=14 January 2009|accessdate=2013-07-21|language=Turkish}}</ref>

* {{TURb}} '''[[Estambul]]''', Turquía

* {{RUSb}} '''[[Moscova]]''', Rusia

* {{USAb}} '''[[Pittsburgh, Pensilvania|Pittsburgh]]''', Estados Unidos

* {{UKRb}} '''[[Kiev]]''', Ucraína <small>''(dende 1998)''</small>

* {{RUSb}} '''[[San Petersburgo]]''', Rusia <small>''(dende 2008)''</small>

* {{JORb}} '''[[Amán]]''', Xordania

* {{BIHb}} '''[[Saraxevo]]''', Bosnia e Herzegovina

* {{LETb}} '''[[Riga]]''', Letonia<ref>{{cita web|url=http://www.riga.lv/EN/Channels/Riga_Municipality/Twin_cities_of_Riga/default.htm |title=Twin cities of Riga |publisher=[[Riga City Council]] |accessdate=27 July 2009}}</ref>

* {{POLb}} '''[[Gdansk]]''', Polonia <small>''(dende 1996)''</small><ref name="Gdańsk">{{cite web|url=http://www.gdansk.pl/samorzad,62,733.html|title=Gdańsk Official Website: 'Miasta partnerskie'|year=2009|publisher=[http://www.gdansk.pl/ Urząd Miejski w Gdańsku]|language=Polish & English|accessdate=11 July 2009}}</ref>

* {{POLb}} '''[[Varsovia]]''', Polonia<small>'' (dende 2002)''</small><ref name="Warsaw">{{cite web |url=http://um.warszawa.pl/v_syrenka/new/index.php?dzial=aktualnosci&ak_id=3284&kat=11 |title=Miasta partnerskie Warszawy |work=um.warszawa.pl |publisher=Biuro Promocji Miasta |date=4 May 2005 |accessdate=29 August 2008}} {{Dead link|date=April 2012|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>

* {{XEOb}} '''[[Tbilisi]]''', Xeorxia <small>''(dende 2005)''</small><ref name="Tbilisi Sister Cities">{{cite web|url=http://www.tbilisi.gov.ge/index.php?lang_id=ENG&sec_id=4571|title=Tbilisi Sister Cities|accessdate=2013-08-05|work=[http://www.tbilisi.gov.ge/ Tbilisi City Hall]|publisher=Tbilisi Municipal Portal|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20130724120155/http://www.tbilisi.gov.ge/index.php?lang_id=ENG&sec_id=4571|archivedate = 2013-07-24}}</ref>

* {{VNMb}} '''[[Hanoi]]''', Vietnam

* {{KORb}} '''[[Seúl]]''', Corea do Sur <small>''(dende 2004)''</small><ref name="Seoul twinnings2">{{cite web |url=http://english.seoul.go.kr/gover/cooper/coo_02sis.html|title=International Cooperation: Sister Cities |accessdate=26 January 2008 |work=Seoul Metropolitan Government|publisher=www.seoul.go.kr|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20071210175055/http://english.seoul.go.kr/gover/cooper/coo_02sis.html |archivedate=10 December 2007}}</ref><ref name="Seoul twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://english.seoul.go.kr/gtk/cg/cityhall.php?pidx=6 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20120325052520/http://english.seoul.go.kr/gtk/cg/cityhall.php?pidx=6 |archivedate=2012-03-25 | title = Seoul -Sister Cities [via WayBackMachine]|accessdate=2013-08-23|work=Seoul Metropolitan Government (archived 2012-04-25)}}</ref>

* {{RUSb}} '''[[Kazan]]''', Rusia <small>''(dende 2004)''</small>

* {{PHLb}} '''[[Manila]]''', Filipinas<ref name="manila1">{{cite web|url=http://www.manila.gov.ph/localgovt.htm#sistercities|title=Existing Sister Cities|publisher=City of Manila|accessdate=2 September 2009}}</ref>

* {{CHNb}} '''[[Pequín]]''', China<small>'' (dende 2006)''</small><ref name="Beijing">{{cite web|url=http://www.ebeijing.gov.cn/Sister_Cities/Sister_City/|title=Sister Cities|publisher=Beijing Municipal Government|accessdate=23 June 2009}}</ref>

* {{GBRb}} '''[[Margate]]''', Inglaterra, Reino Unido

* {{KGZb}} '''[[Bixkek]]''', Quirguicistán <small>''(dende 2011)''</small>

* {{AREb}} '''[[Dubai]]''', Emiratos Árabes Unidos

* {{INAb}} '''[[Iacarta]]''', Indonesia dende o 13 de xullo de 2013

* [http://astana.gov.kz/kk/ Páxina oficial de Astana] {{kk}}