[[Ficheiro:Scotland topographic map-en.svg|miniatura|300px|Mapa topográfico de Escocia.]]
TheA '''geographyxeografía ofde ScotlandEscocia''' isé highlymoi variedvariada, fromdende as terras baixas do rural lowlandsata as toterras barrenaltas uplandsermas, ande fromdende largeas citiesgrandes tocidades uninhabitedata islandsas illas deshabitadas. LocatedLocalizada inno [[NorthernNorte Europede Europa]], ScotlandEscocia comprisescomprende theo northernterzo onenorte thirdda ofilla thede islandGran ofBretaña Greatasí Britain as well ascomo 790 surroundingillas islandscomo encompassingas thedos majorgrandes archipelagoesarquipélagos of thedas [[ShetlandIllas IslandsShetland]], das [[Orkney IslandsÓrcadas]] ande the Inner and Outerdas [[HebridesIllas Hébridas]] interiores e exteriores.<ref name="third">{{citecita web |url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9110753/Scotland |titletítulo=Scotland |publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica |accessdatedataacceso=2007-08-16 de agosto de 2007}}</ref>
Scotland'sA onlyúnica landterra borderque isfai withfronteira England,con whichEscocia runsé for[[Inglaterra]], {{convert|60|mi}}que percorre in97km aen northeasterlydirección directionnoreste fromdende theo [[SolwayFiorde Firthde Solway]] in the west to theata [[NorthMar Seado Norte]] on thena eastcosta coastleste.<ref name="Atlas">{{citecita booklibro |authorautor=Munro, D |titletítulo=Scotland Atlas and Gazetteer |pagespáxinas=1–2 |publisher=Harper Collins |yearano=1999}}</ref> SeparatedSeparada by thepola [[NorthCanle Channeldo (British Isles)|North ChannelNorte]], thea islandilla ofde IrelandIrlanda liesestá {{convert|19|mi}}a from31km theda southwestpunta tipsuroeste ofdas the Scottishterras mainlandescocesas.<ref name="Atlas"/> NorwayNoruega isestá locatedlocalizada {{convert|190|mi}}a to310 thekm northeastó ofnorete Scotlandde Escocia acrosscruzando theo NorthMar Seado Norte. TheO [[AtlanticOcéano OceanAtlántico]], whichque fringesbordea thea coastlinecosta ofoeste westernde andEscocia northerne Scotlandas andillas itsdo islandsnorte, influencesinflúe theno [[temperateclima temperado]],maritime climatee ofmarítimo thedo countrypaís.<ref name="scotlandclimate">{{citecita web | lastapelido = | firstnome = | authorlink = | yearano = 2001 | url = http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/location/scotland/index.html | titletítulo = Met Office: Scottish climate | work = | publisher = [[Met Office]] | accessdatedataacceso = 2007-08-20 de agosto de 2007 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070527202029/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/location/scotland/index.html |archivedate = 2007-05-27 de maio de 2007}}</ref>
The topography of Scotland is distinguished by the [[Highland Boundary Fault]]{{spaced ndash}}a [[geologic fault|geological rock fracture]]{{spaced ndash}}which traverses the Scottish mainland from [[Helensburgh]] to [[Stonehaven]].<ref name="Boundary">{{cite web | last = | first coauthors = | url = http://www.scottish-places.info/features/featurefirst7728.html | title = Overview of Highland Boundary Fault | work = | publisher = Gazetteer for Scotland, University of Edinburgh | accessdate = 2007-08-23}}</ref> The faultline separates two distinctively different physiographic regions; namely the [[Scottish Highlands|Highlands]] to the north and west and the [[Scottish lowlands|lowlands]] to the south and east.<ref name="Fault">{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | url = http://www.snh.org.uk/publications/on-line/geology/loch_lomond_stirling/highland_line.asp | title = Loch Lomond to Stirling - the Highland Line | work = | publisher = Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH) | accessdate = 2007-08-23}}</ref> The more rugged Highland region contains the majority of Scotland's mountainous terrain, including the highest peak, [[Ben Nevis]]. Lowland areas, in the southern part of Scotland, are flatter and home to most of the population, especially the narrow waist of land between the [[Firth of Clyde]] and the [[Firth of Forth]] known as the [[Central Lowlands|Central Belt]].<ref name="Fault"/> [[Glasgow]] is the largest city in Scotland, although [[Edinburgh]] is the [[Capital city|capital]] and political centre of the country.<ref name="settlements">{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | year =2004 | url= http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/files1/stats/04mid-year-estimates-localities-table4.pdf | title = Mid 2004 Localities estimates - Localities in descending order of size | work = | publisher = General Register of Scotland (GROS) | accessdate = 2007-08-23}}</ref>
