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[[Ficheiro:hemosiderin1.jpg|miniatura|Ril visto ao microsocopio. As áreas marróns son de hemosiderina.]]
A '''hemosiderina''' é un [[complexo proticoproteico]] para o almacenamento de [[ferro]] que está composto de [[ferritina]] parcialmente dixerida e [[lisosoma]]s. A degradación do grupo [[hemo]] dá lugar a [[biliverdina]] e ferro.<ref name="Definition, Staining, Function and Treatment 2019">{{cite web | title=Hemosiderin | website=Definition, Staining, Function and Treatment | date=2019-05-04 | url=https://mddk.com/hemosiderin.html | access-date=2019-05-04}}</ref><ref name="Kalakonda John 2018">{{cite journal | last1=Kalakonda | first1=Aditya | last2=John | first2=Savio | title=Physiology, Bilirubin | website=NCBI Bookshelf | date=2018-10-27 | pmid=29261920 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470290/ | access-date=2019-05-04}}</ref> Entón o corpo atrapa o fero liberado e almacénao como hemosiderina nos tecidos.<ref name="Litwack 2018 pp. 591–643">{{cite book | last=Litwack | first=Gerald | title=Human Biochemistry | chapter=Micronutrients (Metals and Iodine) | publisher=Elsevier | year=2018 | isbn=978-0-12-383864-3 | doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-383864-3.00019-3 | pages=591–643}}</ref> A hemosiderina xérase tamén nas vías metabólicas anormais da ferritina.<ref name="Litwack 2018 pp. 591–643"/>
Só se atopa dentro das células (e non circulando libre polo [[sangue]]) e parece ser un complexo de ferritina, feritina desnaturalizada e outros materiais.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Richter|first1=Goetz|title=A Study of Hemosiderosis with Aid of Electron Microscopy|journal=The Journal of Experimental Medicine|date=1 August 1957|volume=106|issue=2|pages=203–218|doi=10.1084/jem.106.2.203 |pmid=13449232|pmc=2136742}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal| last1=Fischbach |first1=FA |last2=Gregory |first2=DW |last3=Harrison |first3=PM|last4=Hoy |first4=TG| last5=Williams |first5=JM|title=On the structure of hemosiderin and its relationship to ferritin.|journal=Journal of Ultrastructure Research|date=December 1971|volume=37|issue=5|pages=495–503|doi=10.1016/S0022-5320(71)80020-5|pmid=5136270}}</ref> O ferro dos depósitos de hemosiderina está pouco dispoñible para a subministración de fero cando esta se necesita. A hemosiderina pode identificarse histoloxicamente coa tinguidura de ''[[azul de Prusia de Perls]]''; o ferro da hemosiderina toma un ton de azul a negro canso se expón a ferrocianuro potásico.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9th Edition|last=Kumar, Abbas, Aster|first=Vinay, Abul K., Jon C.|publisher=Elsevier|year=2015|isbn=978-1-4557-2613-4|pages=650}}</ref> Nos animais normais os depósitos de hemosiderina son pequenos e pouco aparentes se non se aplican tinguiduras especiais. Xeralmente detéctanse acumulacións excesivas de hemosiderina dentro das células do sistema fagocítico mononuclear ou ocasionalmente dentro de células epiteliais do fígado e ril.
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Several disease processes result in deposition of larger amounts of hemosiderin in tissues; although these deposits often cause no symptoms, they can lead to [[lesions|organ damage]].
Varias doenzas orixinan depósitos de grandes cantidades de hemosiderina nos tecidos. Aínda que estes depósitos non causen síntomas, poden orixinar danos nos órganos. A hemosiderina encóntrase normalmente nos [[macrófago]]s e é especialmente abundante despois de sufrir [[hemorraxia]]s, o que suxire que a súa formación pode estar relacionada coa [[fagocitose]] dos [[glóbulo vermello|glóbulos vermellos]] e a [[hemoglobina]] que contiñan.<ref name="urlForensic Pathology">{{cite web |url=http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/FORHTML/FOR138.html |title=Forensic Pathology }}</ref> A hemosiderina pode acumularse en diferentes órganos en varias doenzas. Pode depositarse en doenzas asociadas cunha sobrecarga de ferro.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://tidsskriftet.no/en/2016/12/medical-history/hereditary-haemochromatosis-through-150-years#reference-19|title=Hereditary haemochromatosis through 150 years|work=Tidsskrift for den Norske Legeforening|access-date=2018-07-14|language=en}}</ref> Adoitan ser doenzas nas que cómpre facer frecuentes [[transfusión de sangue|transfusións de sangue]], como a [[anemia falciforme]] e a [[talasemia]].
Hemosiderin is most commonly found in [[macrophage]]s and is especially abundant in situations following [[hemorrhage]], suggesting that its formation may be related to [[phagocytosis]] of [[red blood cells]] and [[hemoglobin]]. Hemosiderin can accumulate in different [[Organ (anatomy)|organs]] in various [[disease]]s.
O ferro é necesario para diversas reaccións químicas e procesos do corpo (por exemplo, as [[oxidación-redución|oxidacións-reducións), pero é tóxico cando non está debidamente almacenado, polo cal no corpo se desenvolveron diversos métodos para almacenalo, como a hemosiderina e feritina.
Iron is required by many of the [[chemical reaction]]s (i.e., oxidation-reduction reactions) in the body but is [[toxic]] when not properly contained. Thus, many methods of iron storage have developed.
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==Pathophysiology==
Hemosiderin often forms after bleeding (haemorrhage).<ref name="urlForensic Pathology">{{cite web |url=http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/FORHTML/FOR138.html |title=Forensic Pathology }}</ref> When blood leaves a ruptured blood vessel, the [[red blood cell]] dies, and the hemoglobin of the cell is released into the extracellular space. Phagocytic cells (of the [[mononuclear phagocyte system]]) called macrophages engulf (phagocytose) the hemoglobin to degrade it, producing hemosiderin and [[biliverdin]]. Excessive systemic accumulations of hemosiderin may occur in macrophages in the liver, lungs, spleen, kidneys, lymph nodes, and bone marrow. These accumulations may be caused by excessive red blood cell destruction (haemolysis), excessive iron uptake/hyperferraemia, or decreased iron utilization (e.g., anaemia of copper toxicity) uptake hypoferraemia (which often leads to iron deficiency anemia).
== Notas ==
Cellular iron is found as either ferritin or hemosiderin. It is identified in cells by the Perls or Prussian blue reaction, in which ionic iron reacts with acid ferrocyanide to impart a blue color.<Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology>
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==Diseases associated with hemosiderin deposition==
{{Main|Hemosiderosis}}
[[Categoría:Metabolismo do ferro]]
Hemosiderin may deposit in diseases associated with iron overload.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://tidsskriftet.no/en/2016/12/medical-history/hereditary-haemochromatosis-through-150-years#reference-19|title=Hereditary haemochromatosis through 150 years|work=Tidsskrift for den Norske Legeforening|access-date=2018-07-14|language=en}}</ref> These diseases are typically diseases in which chronic blood loss requires frequent [[blood transfusion]]s, such as [[sickle cell anemia]] and [[thalassemia]].
[[Categoría:Hematoloxía]]
==References==
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{{Pathology}}
[[Category:Iron metabolism]]
[[Category:Hematology]]
[[Category:Iron oxide pigments]]
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