Fagolisosoma: Diferenzas entre revisións
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[[Ficheiro:Phagocytosis.svg|miniatura|500x500px|O proceso da [[fagocitose]] mostrando a formación dun fagolisosoma. Os [[lisosoma]]s (en verde) fusiónanse co [[fagosoma]] para formar o fagolisosoma.]]
En [[bioloxía]], un '''fagolisosoma''' ou '''endolisosoma''' é un corpo [[citoplasma|citoplasmático]] formado pola fusión dun [[fagosoma]] cun [[lisosoma]] nun proceso que ocorre dunrante a [[fagocitose]]. A formación de fagolisososmas é esencial para a destrución intracelular de [[microorganismo]]s e [[patóxeno]]s. Ten lugar cando as membranas do lisosoma e fagosoma 'chocan', momento no que o contido do lisosoma (primario), incluíndo os seus [[encima]]s [[hidrólise|hidrolíticos]], se descarga dentro do fagosoma e dixire as partículas que foron inxeridas e están dentro do fagosoma. Algúns produtos da dixestión son materiais útiles e pasan ao citoplasma, mentres que outros son expulsados por [[exocitose]].
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▲Membrane fusion of the phagosome and lysosome is regulated by the [[Rab_(G-protein)#Types_of_Rab_proteins|Rab5 protein]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Duclos|first=S.|last2=Diez|first2=R.|last3=Garin|first3=J.|last4=Papadopoulou|first4=B.|last5=Descoteaux|first5=A.|last6=Stenmark|first6=H.|last7=Desjardins|first7=M.|date=2000-10-01|title=Rab5 regulates the kiss and run fusion between phagosomes and endosomes and the acquisition of phagosome leishmanicidal properties in RAW 264.7 macrophages|journal=Journal of Cell Science|volume=113|pages=3531–3541|issn=0021-9533|pmid=10984443|issue=19}}</ref> a [[G protein]] that allows the exchange of material between these two [[organelle]]s but prevents complete fusion of their membranes.<ref name=":0" />
▲Formation of phagolysosomes requires an increase in intracellular calcium ion concentration.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1996-01-01|title=Phagosome-lysosome fusion is a calcium-independent event in macrophages|journal=The Journal of Cell Biology|volume=132|issue=1|pages=49–61|issn=0021-9525|pmc=2120694|pmid=8567729|doi=10.1083/jcb.132.1.49 | last1 = Zimmerli | first1 = S | last2 = Majeed | first2 = M | last3 = Gustavsson | first3 = M | last4 = Stendahl | first4 = O | last5 = Sanan | first5 = DA | last6 = Ernst | first6 = JD}}</ref> Reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species are produced in the nutrient-limiting environment of phagolysosomes.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Slauch|first=James M.|date=2016-11-20|title=How does the oxidative burst of macrophages kill bacteria? Still an open question|journal=Molecular Microbiology|volume=80|issue=3|pages=580–583|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2958.2011.07612.x|issn=0950-382X|pmc=3109634|pmid=21375590}}</ref> Research studies show that phagolysosomes may contain more carbon sources and nutrients than other organelles in the endo-lysosomal pathway.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=McConville|first=Malcolm J.|last2=Saunders|first2=Eleanor C.|last3=Kloehn|first3=Joachim|last4=Dagley|first4=Michael J.|date=2015-01-01|title=Leishmania carbon metabolism in the macrophage phagolysosome- feast or famine?|journal=F1000Research|volume=4|issue=F1000 Faculty Rev|pages=938|doi=10.12688/f1000research.6724.1|pmc=4648189|pmid=26594352}}</ref>
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