Unreal Engine: Diferenzas entre revisións
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Liña 15:
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'''Unreal Engine''' é un [[motor de xogo]] desenvolvido por [[Epic Games]], exhibido por primeira vez no [[shooter en primeira persoa|''shooter'' en primeira persoa]] de 1998 ''[[Unreal (videoxogo de 1998)|Unreal]]''. Malia estar enfocado principalmente para ''shooters'' en primeira persoa, utilizouse en varios outros xéneros, incluíndo videoxogos de [[videoxogo de sixilo|sixilo]], [[MMORPG]]s e outros [[videoxogo de rol|videoxogos de rol]]. Escrito na [[linguaxe de programación]] [[C++]], Unreal Engine posúe un alto grao de portabilidade e é unha ferramenta de gran uso na [[industria dos videoxogos]].<ref name="wiredUE4">{{Cita web|url=https://www.wired.com/2012/05/ff_unreal4/all/|title=The Imagination Engine: Why Next-Gen Videogames Will Rock Your World|work=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]|publisher=[[Condé Nast]]|date=17 de maio de 2012|accessdate=6 de febreiro de 2015|first=Stu|last=Horvath|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530075446/http://www.wired.com/2012/05/ff_unreal4/all/|archivedate=30 de maio de 2015|deadurl=
A última versión do motor é Unreal Engine 4, deseñado para [[Microsoft]] [[DirectX]] 11 e 12<ref>{{Cita web|url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2014-03-21-microsoft-dx12-will-improve-xbox-one-performance|title=Microsoft: DX12 will improve Xbox One performance|publisher=Game Industry|date=12 de marzo de 2014|accessdate=4 de setembro de 2014|first=Matthew|last=Handrahan}}</ref> (plataformas [[Microsoft Windows]], [[Xbox One]], [[Windows RT]]), [[PlayStation 4 system software|GNM]] (para [[PlayStation 4]]), [[OpenGL]] (para {{nowrap|[[macOS]]}}, [[Linux]], [[iOS]], [[Android]], [[Ouya]]<ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.unrealengine.com/blog/ouya-and-unreal-engine|title=Unreal Engine On The Ouya|publisher=[[Epic Games]]|website=Unreal Engine Blog|date=26 de xaneiro de 2015|accessdate=28 de xaneiro de 2015|author=The OUYA team}}</ref> e [[Windows XP]]<ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.unrealengine.com/blog/unreal-engine-42-release|title=Unreal Engine 4.2 Release|publisher=[[Epic Games]]|website=Unreal Engine|date=4 de xuño de 2014|accessdate=4 de setembro de 2014|first=Ian|last=Shadden}}</ref>), [[Vulkan (API)|Vulkan]] (para [[Android]]<ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.unrealengine.com/blog/epic-games-unveils-protostar-at-samsung-galaxy-unpacked|title=Epic Games Unveils ProtoStar at Samsung Galaxy Unpacked|publisher=}}</ref>), [[Metal (API)|Metal]] (para [[iOS]]<ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.unrealengine.com/blog/ue4-zen-garden-using-metal-api-for-ios-8-revealed-at-wwdc|title=UE4 "Zen Garden" Using Metal API for iOS 8 Revealed at WWDC|publisher=}}</ref>) e [[JavaScript]]/[[WebGL]] (para [[navegador web|navegadores]] [[HTML5]]).<ref>{{Cita web|url=https://blog.mozilla.org/blog/2014/03/12/mozilla-and-epic-preview-unreal-engine-4-running-in-firefox/|title=Mozilla and Epic Preview Unreal Engine 4 Running in Firefox|publisher=The Mozilla Blog|date=12 de marzo de 2014|accessdate=4 de outubro de 2014|author=Mozilla}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=http://www.html5report.com/topics/html5/articles/373408-html5-gaming-just-got-faster-with-unreal-engine.htm|title=HTML5 Gaming Just Got Faster with Unreal Engine 4|publisher=HTML5 Report|date=17 de marzo de 2014|accessdate=4 de outubro de 2014|first=Steve|last=Anderson}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=http://www.polygon.com/2014/4/1/5568378/epic-games-ceo-tim-sweeney-unreal-engine-vr-oculus-rift|title=Epic Games' Sweeney on the future of Unreal, VR and democratic game development|publisher=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]]|date=1 de abril de 2014|accessdate=4 de outubro de 2014|first=Michael|last=McWhertor}}</ref>
Liña 71:
}}</ref> [[HLSL]]<ref name="ReferenceB">{{cita web|url=https://udn.epicgames.com/Three/MaterialsCompendium.html|título=Materials Compendium|páxina-web=Unreal Developer Network}}</ref>
| sistema_operativo = [[Windows]], [[OS X]], [[Linux]]
| plataforma = [[Windows]], [[OS X]], [[Linux]], [[HTML5]], [[Xbox One]], [[Playstation 4]]<ref>{{Cita web|url=http://www.unrealengine.com/html5/|title=Tappy Chicken|publisher=|accessdate=17 de abril de 2015}}</ref> [[Adobe Flash Player]],<ref>{{Cita web|url=http://www.unrealengine.com/news/epic_games_announces_unreal_engine_3_support_for_adobe_flash_player/|title=Epic Games Announces Unreal Engine 3 Support for Adobe Flash Player|publisher=|accessdate=17 de abril de 2015|urlarquivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302203116/http://www.unrealengine.com/news/epic_games_announces_unreal_engine_3_support_for_adobe_flash_player/|dataarquivo=02 de marzo de 2014|urlmorta=
| licenza = [[Software propietario|Propietaria]]
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Liña 77:
As primeiras capturas de pantalla de Unreal Engine 3 presentaronse en maio de 2004,<ref>{{Cita web|url=http://www.gamespot.com/news/6098240.html|title=First Look: Unreal Engine 3.0|publisher=[[GameSpot]]|date=13 de maio de 2004|first=Tor|last=Thorsen}}</ref> momento no que o motor xa levava uns 18 meses en desenvolvemento.<ref>{{Cita web|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/i_epicgames_june04|title=Unreal Engine 3 Interview|publisher=[[Eurogamer]]|date=1 de xullo de 2004|first=Kristan|last=Reed}}</ref> A diferenza de Unreal Engine 2, Unreal Engine 3 deseñouse para aproveitar o hardware con programación completa de ''[[shader]]s'', facendo os cálculos por [[píxel]] en lugar de por [[vexel]].
Inicialmente Unreal Engine 3 só estaba dispoñible para as plataformas Windows, PlayStation 3 e Xbox 360, mentres que a funcionalidade para iOS e Android engadiuse posteriormente no ano 2010 (con ''[[Infinity Blade]]'' sendo o primeiro título para iOS e ''[[Dungeon Defenders]]'' o primeiro para Android). O soporte para [[OS X]] engadiuse posteriormente en 2011.<ref>{{Cita web|url=http://www.joystiq.com/2011/09/19/unreal-engine-3-comes-to-mac-os-x-courtesy-of-september-udk-rel/|title=Unreal Engine 3 comes to Mac OS X, courtesy of September UDK release|publisher=Joystiq|date=19 de setembro de 2011|first=Christopher|last=Grant|data-acceso=27 de marzo de 2017|urlarquivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119075057/http://www.joystiq.com/2011/09/19/unreal-engine-3-comes-to-mac-os-x-courtesy-of-september-udk-rel/|dataarquivo=19 de xaneiro de 2012|urlmorta=
Durante o período activo do Unreal Engine 3 o motor recibiu actualizacións significativas,<ref>{{Cita web|url=http://news.bigdownload.com/2009/03/16/epic-games-to-show-off-new-unreal-engine-3-features-at-gdc|title=Epic Games to show off new Unreal Engine 3 features at GDC|publisher=Big Download|date=19 de marzo de 2009|first=John|last=Callaham}}</ref> incluíndo contornas destrutibles melloradas, [[dinámicas de corpo brando]], simulación de multitudes, funcionalidade para [[iPod Touch]],<ref>{{Cita web|url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/2892|title=Epic Demonstrates Unreal Engine 3 for the iPod Touch, iPhone 3GS|publisher=AnandTech|date=29 de decembro de 2009|first=Anand Lal|last=Shimpi}}</ref> integración con [[Steamworks]],<ref>{{Cita web|url=http://epicgames.com/press_releases/steamworks.html|title=Steamworks Integration Now Available to Unreal Engine 3 Licensees|publisher=[[Epic Games]]|date=11 de marzo de 2010|data-acceso=27 de marzo de 2017|urlarquivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20100517122844/http://epicgames.com/press_releases/steamworks.html|dataarquivo=17 de maio de 2010|urlmorta=
Fóra da industria dos videoxogos houbo moitos proxectos que adoptaron Unreal Engine 3. O programa infantil de televisión ''[[LazyTown]]'' usou o motor na súa rodaxe para xerar escenarios virtuais para a súa posterior integración con actores e monicreques que actuaban diante de [[pantalla verde|pantallas verdes]],<ref>{{Cita web|url=http://www.unreal.com/case-studies.php?ref=lazytown|title=Unreal Engine 3 Powers Critical and Commercial Success LazyTown|publisher=Epic Games|accessdate=8 de febreiro de 2011}}</ref> e en marzo de 2012 o [[FBI]] adquiriu a licenza do Unreal Engine 3 para o seu uso nun simulador de adestramento.<ref name="bbc">{{Cita web|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-17535906|title=Unreal games engine licensed to FBI and other US agencies|work=[[BBC News]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=28 de marzo de 2012|accessdate=6 de febreiro de 2015|author=BBC News}}</ref>
Liña 85:
==== Unreal Development Kit ====
[[Ficheiro:The Ball - Screenshot 08.jpg|miniatura|left|upright=1.2|O videoxogo ''[[The Ball (videoxogo)|The Ball]]'' desenvolveuse co UDK.]]
Malia que Unreal Engine 3 foi unha contorna aberta para a realización de mods, a capacidade de publicar e vender xogos feitos con este motor estaba restrinxida para aqueles que fosen concesionarios da licenza do motor. Porén, en novembro de 2009 Epic Games publicou unha versión do [[SDK]] de Unreal Engine 3 chamada Unreal Development Kit (UDK), dispoñible para o pútlico xeral.<ref>{{Cita web|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2009/11/05/epic-games-announces-unreal-development-kit-powered-by-unreal-engine-3|title=Epic Games Announces Unreal Development Kit, Powered By Unreal Engine 3|publisher=[[IGN]]|date=5 de novembro de 2009|accessdate=14 de setembro de 2014|author=IGN Staff}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=http://www.pcgamer.com/unreal-engine-4-tools-and-source-code-now-available-for-19-monthly-subscription/|title=Unreal Engine 4 tools and source code now available for a $19 monthly subscription|work=[[PC Gamer]]|publisher=[[Future plc]]|date=19 de marzo de 2014|accessdate=9 de febreiro de 2015|first=Tyler|last=Wilde}}</ref> En decembro de 2010 nunha actualización do UDK engadiuse soporte para a creación de xogos e aplicacións de iOS.<ref>{{Cita web|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2010/12/16/epic-games-releases-unreal-development-kit-with-ios-support|title=Epic Games Releases Unreal Development Kit With iOS Support|work=[[IGN]]|publisher=[[Ziff Davis]]|date=16 de decembro de 2010|accessdate=14 de setembro de 2014|author=IGN Staff}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=http://epicgames.com/news/epic-games-releases-december-2010-unreal-development-kit-beta-with-ios-supp|title=Epic Games releases December 2010 Unreal Development Kit Beta with iOS Support|publisher=[[Epic Games]]|date=16 de decembro de 2010|accessdate=9 de febreiro de 2015|author=Epic Games|urlarquivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20150209202506/http://epicgames.com/news/epic-games-releases-december-2010-unreal-development-kit-beta-with-ios-supp|dataarquivo=09 de febreiro de 2015|urlmorta=
=== Unreal Engine 4 ===
Liña 95:
| linguaxe de programación = [[C++]], [[C Sharp|C#]], [[GLSL]], [[Cg (linguaxe de programación)|Cg]], [[HLSL]] <ref>{{Cita web|url=http://gameindustry.about.com/od/trends/a/Unreal-Engine-4-First-Look.htm|title=Unreal Engine 4 - First Look. Epic is making some major development philosophy changes in UE4|work=[[About.com]]|publisher=IAC/InterActiveCorp|date=2012|accessdate=6 de febreiro de 2015|first=Warren|last=Schultz}}</ref>
| sistema operativo = [[Windows]], [[OS X]], [[Linux]]
| plataforma = [[Windows]], [[OS X]], [[Linux]], [[HTML5]],<ref>{{Cita web|url=http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/189583/Interview_Epic_goes_allin_on_HTML_5_with_UE4_support.php|title=Interview: Epic goes all-in on HTML5 with UE4 support|publisher=Gamasutra|date=March 29, 2013|first=Frank|last=Cifaldi}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=http://www.shacknews.com/article/78492/epic-details-shows-off-unreal-engine-4-tools|title=Unreal Engine 4 to support HTML 5, will be 'end of drivers'|publisher=Shacknews|date=29 de marzo de 2013|first=Steve|last=Watts}}</ref> [[iOS]], [[Android (operating system)|Android]],<ref>{{Cita web|url=http://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/2013/07/24/sweeney/|title=Unreal Engine 4 Leads on Next-Gen Mobile at SIGGRAPH|publisher=Nvidia|date=24 de xullo de 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=http://www.mmoculture.com/2014/01/unreal-engine-4-next-gen-running-on-nvidias-new-mobile-processor/|title=Unreal Engine 4 – Next-gen running on Nvidia’s new mobile processor|publisher=MMO Culture|date=6 de xaneiro de 2014|author=cinderboy}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=http://www.develop-online.net/news/gdc-13-unreal-engine-4-supports-mobile-and-html5/0114432|title=GDC 13: Unreal Engine 4 supports mobile and HTML5|publisher=develop-online|date=29 de marzo de 2013|first=Craig|last=Chapple|data-acceso=27 de marzo de 2017|urlarquivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427235438/http://www.develop-online.net/news/gdc-13-unreal-engine-4-supports-mobile-and-html5/0114432|dataarquivo=27 de abril de 2014|urlmorta=
| licenza = Uso libre con acceso ó [[código fonte]].<br/>Porcentaxe de ingresos a partir dunha determinada cantidade<ref name="UE4">{{Cita web|url=https://www.unrealengine.com/blog/ue4-is-free|title=If You Love Something Set It Free|publisher=[[Epic Games]]|website=Unreal Engine|date=2 de marzo de 2015|accessdate=2 de marzo de 2015|first=Tim|last=Sweeney}}</ref>
}}
O 17 de agosto de 2005 [[Mark Rein]], vicepresidente de Epic Games, revelou que Unreal Engine 4 levaba en desenvolvemento dende 2003,<ref>{{Cita web |title=Rein: "We've been working on Unreal Engine 4 for two years" |url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/123639/rein-weve-been-working-on-unreal-engine-4-for-two-years/ |work=ComputerAndVideoGames.com |publisher=Future Publishing Limited |author=Houlihan, John |accessdate=19 de agosto de 2005 |date=17 de agosto de 2005 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110101539/http://www.computerandvideogames.com/123639/rein-weve-been-working-on-unreal-engine-4-for-two-years/ |archivedate=10 de xaneiro de 2014 }}</ref> e ata mediados de 2008 o desenvolvemento correu exclusivamente ó cargo de [[Tim Sweeney]].<ref>{{Cita web |title=Tim Sweeney, Part 3: Unreal Engine 4.0 aims at next-gen console war |url=http://www.tgdaily.com/business-and-law-features/36436-tim-sweeney-part-3-unreal-engine-40-aims-at-next-gen-console-war |work=TG Daily |author=Valich, Theo |publisher=Tigervision Media |accessdate=13 de marzo de 2008 |date=12 de marzo de 2008}}</ref> O Unreal Engine 4 exhibiuse de forma exclusiva na [[Game Developers Conference]] de 2012,<ref>{{Cita novas |title=Unreal Engine 4 Behind Closed Doors at GDC |work=Wired |author=Patrick Shaw |url=https://www.wired.com/gamelife/2012/02/unreal-engine-4-gdc/ |accessdate=6 de marzo de 2012 |date=27 de febreiro de 2012}}</ref> e o 7 de xuño de 2012 publicouse un vídeo dunha demo do motor en GameTrailers TV.<ref>{{Cita web |title=Epic Games debuts Unreal Engine 4 |author=Samit Sarker |date=8 de xuño de 2012 |work=[[Destructoid]] |url=http://www.destructoid.com/epic-games-debuts-unreal-engine-4-229158.phtml |accessdate=10 de xuño de 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web |title=Epic's Unreal Engine 4 'Elemental' Demo Lights Up the Uncanny Valley |author=Casey Lynch |date=8 de xuño de 2012 |work=[[IGN]] | url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/06/08/epics-unreal-engine-4-elemental-demo-lights-up-the-uncanny-valley |accessdate=10 de xullo de 2012}}</ref> Esta demo crearase nun [[PC]] con tres [[Serie GeForce 500|GeForce GTX 580]] en [[Scalable Link Interface|SLI]] e podía executarse nun PC cunha [[GeForce]] [[Serie GeForce 600|GTX 680]].<ref name="Interview with Allan Willard">{{Cita novas|last=Woo-cheol|first=Jeong|title=The future of game development is in UE4.|accessdate=18 de outubro de 2013|newspaper=Thisisgame(Korea)|date=12 de xullo de 2012|url=http://www.thisisgame.com/webzine/news/nboard/5/?page=28&n=34852}}</ref>
Unha das principais características do motor ía ser a iluminación en tempo real usando trazas cónicas de vóxels, eliminando a iluminación por computación previa.<ref>{{Cita web |title=Epic Reveals Stunning Elemental Demo, & Tim Sweeney On Unreal Engine 4|author=Andre Burnes |date=8 de xuño de 2012 |work=[[NVIDIA]] | url= http://www.geforce.com/whats-new/articles/stunning-videos-show-unreal-engine-4s-next-gen-gtx-680-powered-real-time-graphics/ |accessdate=12 de xuño de 2012}}</ref> Porén, esta característica foi finalmente substituída por outro algoritmo semellante pero menos custoso por mor de preocupacións de rendemento das [[consola (videoxogos)|consolas]] da seguinte xeración.<ref>{{Cita web |title=PS4: Epic Games’ Tim Sweeney Explains Lack Of Global Illumination In Unreal Engine 4 |author=Samantha Earwood |date=21 de marzo de 2014 |work=PSGang |url=http://www.playstationgang.com/epic-games-tim-sweeney-explains-lack-of-global-illumination-in-unreal-engine-4/ |accessdate=21 de marzo de 2014 |urlarquivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20140322013645/http://www.playstationgang.com/epic-games-tim-sweeney-explains-lack-of-global-illumination-in-unreal-engine-4/ |dataarquivo=22 de marzo de 2014 |urlmorta=
[[Ficheiro:UE4Arch.com - Viennese apartment.webm|thumbtime=38|miniatura|esquerda|300px|Visualización arquitectónica interactiva usando Unreal Engine 4]]
O 19 de marzo de 2014 Unreal Engine 4 publicouse na [[Game Developers Conference]] xunto a tódalas súas ferramentas, características e [[código fonte]] completo en C++ por medio dun novo modelo de subscrición libre para [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]], [[macOS|OS X]], [[iOS]] e [[Android]] por uns 19 $ ó mes, máis un 5% dos beneficios que resultasen de calquera produto comercial desenvolvido co motor.<ref>{{Cita web|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2014/03/19/gdc-epic-games-unreal-engine-4-adopts-subscription-model|title=GDC: Epic Games' Unreal Engine 4 adopts subscription model|publisher=[[IGN]]|date=19 de marzo de 2014|accessdate=12 de agosto de 2014|first=Mitch|last=Dyer}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=http://www.gamespot.com/articles/epic-opens-up-their-unreal-development-tools-to-everyone-with-a-19-subscription-service/1100-6418407/|title=Epic opens up their Unreal development tools to everyone with a $19 subscription service|publisher=[[GameSpot]]|date=19 de marzo de 2014|accessdate=12 de agosto de 2014|first=Justin|last=Haywald}}</ref> Tim Sweeney afirmou que este novo modelo de negocio era un reflexo dos cambios na industria.<ref>{{Cita web|url=http://www.polygon.com/2014/3/19/5526094/unreal-engine-4-subscription-epic-games|title=Epic Games making Unreal Engine 4 available for $19 per month, starting today|publisher=[[Polygon]]|date=19 de marzo de 2014|accessdate=12 de agosto de 2014|first=Michael|last=McWhertor}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=http://www.develop-online.net/news/why-epic-abandoned-its-outdated-model-and-offered-everyone-access-to-unreal-engine-4/0190696|title=Why Epic abandoned its 'outdated' model and offered everyone access to Unreal Engine 4. GDC 2014: Epic Games founder Tim Sweeney says even Minecraft players should benefit from the firm’s game-making tech|work=Polygon|date=19 de marzo de 2014|accessdate=6 de febreiro de 2015|first=James|last=Batchelor|urlarquivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206211724/http://www.develop-online.net/news/why-epic-abandoned-its-outdated-model-and-offered-everyone-access-to-unreal-engine-4/0190696|dataarquivo=06 de febreiro de 2015|urlmorta=
O 3 de setembro de 2014 Epic Games publicou o Unreal Engine Marketplace, permitindo que os subscritores do motor mercasen e vendesen entre eles pezas de contido variado creado co motor.<ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.unrealengine.com/blog/marketplace-now-open-for-business|title=Marketplace: Now Open For Business!|publisher=[[Epic Games]]|website=Unreal Engine Blog|date=3 de setembro de 2014|accessdate=5 de setembro de 2014|first=Deke|last=Waters}}</ref> O 4 de setembro de 2014 Epic publicou Unreal Engine 4 de forma gratuíta para escolas e universidades, incluíndo copias persoais para estudantes de cursos de desenvolvemento de videoxogos, informática, arte ou arquitectura entre outras disciplinas.<ref>{{Cita web|url=http://www.develop-online.net/interview/putting-unreal-engine-in-the-classroom/0197275|title=Putting Unreal Engine in the classroom|work=[[Develop (magazine)|Develop]]|publisher=Intent Media|date=4 de setembro de 2014|accessdate=5 de setembro de 2014|first=James|last=Batchelor|urlarquivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20140906085140/http://www.develop-online.net/interview/putting-unreal-engine-in-the-classroom/0197275|dataarquivo=06 de setembro de 2014|urlmorta=
== UnrealScript ==
|