Peróxido orgánico: Diferenzas entre revisións

Several analytical methods are used for qualitative and quantitative determination of peroxides.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Légrádi|first1=L.|last2=Légrádi|first2=J.|title=Detection of peroxides, hydroperoxides and peracids|journal=Microchimica Acta|volume=58|pages=119–122|year=1970|doi=10.1007/BF01218105}}</ref> A simple qualitative detection of peroxides is carried out with the [[iodine test|iodine-starch reaction]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Lea|first1=C. H.|title=The Effect of Light on the Oxidation of Fats|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|volume=108|pages=175–189|year=1931|doi=10.1098/rspb.1931.0030|issue=756}}</ref> Here peroxides, hydroperoxides or peracids oxidize the added [[potassium iodide]] into [[iodine]], which reacts with [[starch]] producing a deep-blue color. Commercial paper indicators using this reaction are available. This method is also suitable for quantitative evaluation, but it can not distinguish between different types of peroxide compounds. Discoloration of various [[indigo dye]]s in presence of peroxides is used instead for this purpose.<ref>Veibel, S. ''Analytik organischer Verbindungen'', Akademie-Verlag, Berlin, 1960, p. 262</ref> For example, the loss of blue color in leuco-[[methylene blue]] is selective for hydrogen peroxide.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Eiss|first1=M. I.|last2=Giesecke|first2=Paul|title=Colorimetric Determination of Organic Peroxides|journal=Analytical Chemistry|volume=31|pages=1558|year=1959|doi=10.1021/ac60153a038|issue=9}}</ref>

 

 

Each peroxy group is considered to contain one active oxygen atom. The concept of active oxygen content is useful for comparing the relative [[concentration (chemistry)|concentration]] of peroxy groups in formulations, which is related to the energy content. In general, energy content increases with active oxygen content, and thus the higher the [[molecular weight]] of the organic groups, the lower the energy content and, usually, the lower the hazard.