Clepton: Diferenzas entre revisións
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Liña 5:
== Exemplo nas píntegas ==
Na natureza cinco especies de píntegas ''[[Ambystoma]]'' contribúen a un complexo unisexual que se reproduce por unha [[Partenoxénese en anfibios|combinación de xinoxénese e cleptoxénese]], que son: ''A. tigrinum'', ''A. barbouri'', ''A. texanum'', ''A. jeffersonium'' e ''A. laterale''. Atopáronse na natureza unhas vinte combinacións xenómicas, que van desde individuos "LLJ" (dous xenomas de ''A. laterale'' e un de ''A. jeffersonium'') a individuos "LJTi" (un xenoma de ''A. laterale'', 'outro de 'A. jeffersonium'' e outro de ''A. tigrinum'').<ref name="r5"/> Porén, cada combinación contén a información xenética da especie ''A. laterale'' e a análise de [[ADN mitocondrial]] indicou que estas especies unisexuais diverxeron moi probablemente dun individuo de ''A. barbouri'' hai uns 5 millóns de anos,<ref name="r6">{{cita publicación periódica| pages = 119–136| journal = Genome |volume = 50| number=2|title = Unisexual salamanders (genus ''Ambystoma'') present a new reproductive mode for eukaryotes | first = J| last = Bogart| doi=10.1139/G06-152| date = 2007| pmid=17546077}}</ref> facendo que sexan a especie de vertebrado unisexual máis antiga da Terra<ref name="r7">{{cita publicación periódica| pages = 238| journal = BMC Evolutionary Biology |volume = 10| number= 1|title = Time and Time again: unisexual salamanders (genus ''Ambystoma'') are the oldest unisexual vertebrates | first = K| last = Bi| issn=1800-427X| date = 2010| doi=10.1186/1471-2148-10-238| pmid=20682056| pmc=3020632}}</ref>
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The fact that these salamanders have persisted for so long is remarkable, as it contradicts the notion that a majority of asexual lineages arise when the conditions are right and quickly disappear.<ref name="r8">{{citation|journal = Evolutionary Biology|title = Adaptive Significance and Long-Term Survival of Asexual Lineages| first = T| last = Lodé| date = 2012| doi=10.1007/s11692-012-9219-y| volume=40|issue = 3| pages=450–460|url = https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00860811/file/revised_Lode_Asexual_Evol_Biol_V3-accepted.pdf}}</ref> It has been argued that this persistence is very much due to the aforementioned "genome replacement" strategy that accompanies kleptogenic reproduction—replacing a portion of the maternal genome with paternal DNA in offspring has allowed unisexual individuals to "refresh" their genetic material through time. This facet of kleptogenesis was recently ascertained from genetic research that indicates there is no ancestral ''A. laterale'' genome that is maintained from one unisexual to the next, and that there is not a specific "L" genome that is found more often than others. "L" genetic material found in these salamanders has also not evolved to be substantially unique from sexual genomes.<ref name="r5"/>
Liña 11:
Other studied species exhibiting the property include the water frogs ''[[Pelophylax]]''.<ref name="r1"/>
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== Notas ==
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