Estado Islámico: Diferenzas entre revisións

O '''Estado Islámico de Iraq e Levante''' ({{lang-ar|الدولة الإسلامية في العراق والشام}}), tamén coñecido como '''Estado Islámico de Iraq e Siria''' ('''ISIS''' en inglés, ou o '''Estado Islámico de Iraq e ash-Sham''', '''Estado Islámico''' ('''EI'''),<ref name="What is IS2">{{cita novas|título=What is Islamic State?|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-29052144|editor=BBC News|data=26 de setembro de 2014|dataacceso=9 de marzo de 2015}}</ref> ou '''Daesh''' ({{lang|ar|داعش}},<ref>{{cita web |url=https://www.freewordcentre.com/blog/2015/02/daesh-isis-media-alice-guthrie/ |título=Decoding Daesh: Why is the new name for ISIS so hard to understand? |nome=Alice |apelido=Guthrie |data=19 de febreiro de 2015 |dataacceso=15 de novembro de 2015 |editor=Free Word Centre |urlarquivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117000440/https://www.freewordcentre.com/blog/2015/02/daesh-isis-media-alice-guthrie/ |dataarquivo=17 de novembro de 2015 |urlmorta=si }}</ref> é un grupo militar extremista [[Wahhabismo|wahhabí]]/[[Xihad|xihadista salafí]] e autoproclamado [[califato]], e antigo protoestado [[recoñecemento internacional|non recoñecido]] que seguía unha doutrina [[Fundamentalismo islámico|fundamentalista]], [[salafismo|salafí]] do [[sunnismo]].<ref name=Wahhabism>{{cita novas |autor=Fouad al-Ibrahim |título=Why ISIS is a threat to Saudi Arabia: Wahhabism's deferred promise |editor=Al Akhbar English |url=http://english.al-akhbar.com/node/21234 |urlarquivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20140824121659/http://english.al-akhbar.com/node/21234 |data=22 de agosto de 2014 |dataarquivo=24 de agosto de 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cita web |url=http://orientalreview.org/2014/09/23/islamic-state-and-the-policy-of-the-west/ |título=Islamic State and the policy of the West |apelido1=Dolgov |nome1=Boris |editor=Oriental Review |data=23 de setembro de 2014 }}<p>{{cita libro|apelido=Wilson|nome=Rodney|título=Islam and Economic Policy|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=ejgkDQAAQBAJ&pg=PAPA178&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false|ano=2015|editorial=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=978-0-7486-8389-5|page=178}}<p>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.lrb.co.uk/v38/n05/patrick-cockburn/end-times-for-the-caliphate |title=End Times for the Caliphate? |first=Patrick |last=Cockburn |date=3 de marzo de 2016 |work=London Review of Books |volume=38 |issue=5 |pages=29–30 }}<p>{{cite web |title=Does Islamic State have the economic and political institutions for future development? |first1=Dmitry |last1=Pastukhov |first2=Nathaniel |last2=Greenwold |url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/economics/non-seminar/explore-econ16/accordian/greenwold_pastukhov-poster.pdf |data-acceso=11 de decembro de 2018 |urlarquivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009215047/https://www.ucl.ac.uk/economics/non-seminar/explore-econ16/accordian/greenwold_pastukhov-poster.pdf |dataarquivo=09 de outubro de 2017 |urlmorta=si }}<p>{{cite book|last=Pedler|first=John|title=A Word Before Leaving: A Former Diplomat's Weltanschauung|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=A8nuBQAAQBAJ&pg=PAPA99&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false|year=2015|publisher=Troubador |isbn=978-1-78462-223-7|page=99}}<p>{{cite book|last1=Kerr|first1=Michael|last2=Larkin|first2=Craig|title=The Alawis of Syria: War, Faith and Politics in the Levant|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=koeMCwAAQBAJ&pg=PAPA21&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false|year=2015|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-045811-9|page=21}}</ref> Estados Islámico conseguiu a atención global a comezos de 2014 cando desprazou ás forzas do goberno iraquí fóra de cidades estratéxicas na [[campaña de Anbar (2013–14)|ofensiva iraquí occidental]],<ref name=CNNanbar>{{cite news |title=John Kerry holds talks in Iraq as more cities fall to ISIS militants |url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/06/23/world/meast/iraq-crisis/ |publisher=CNN |date=23 de xuño de 2014}}</ref> seguida da [[Caída de Mosul|captura de Mosul]]<ref name=NYTmosul>{{cita novas |nome1=Suadad |apelido1=Al-Salhy |nome2=Tim |apelido2=Arango |título=Sunni Militants Drive Iraqi Army Out of Mosul |editor=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/11/world/middleeast/militants-in-mosul.html |date=10 de xuño de 2014}}</ref> e o [[masacre de Sinjar]].<ref name=CapturedSinjar>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/04/world/middleeast/iraq.html |title=Sunni Extremists in Iraq Seize 3 Towns From Kurds and Threaten Major Dam |work=The New York Times |last1=Arango |first1=Tim |date=3 de agosto de 2014}}</ref>