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NO BORRAR LO DE ARRIBA, ES LA CABECERA DE LA PÁGINA
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== Anos intermedios de reinado (1311–1321)==
===Famine and criticism===
{{main article|Great Famine of 1315–17}}
After the fiasco of Bannockburn, the earls of Lancaster and Warwick saw their political influence increase, and they pressured Edward to re-implement the Ordinances of 1311.<ref>{{harvnb|Phillips|2011|pp=239, 243}}</ref> Lancaster became the head of the [[royal council]] in 1316, promising to take forward the Ordinances through a new reform commission, but he appears to have abandoned this role soon afterwards, partially because of disagreements with the other barons, and possibly because of ill-health.<ref>{{harvnb|Phillips|2011|pp=246, 267, 276}}; {{harvnb|Haines|2003|p=104}}</ref> Lancaster refused to meet with Edward in parliament for the next two years, bringing effective governance to a standstill. This stymied any hopes for a fresh campaign into Scotland and raised fears of civil war.<ref>{{harvnb|Phillips|2011|pp=280, 282–283, 294}}; {{harvnb|Tebbit|2005|p=205}}</ref> After much negotiation, once again involving the Earl of Pembroke, Edward and Lancaster finally agreed to the [[Treaty of Leake]] in August 1318, which pardoned Lancaster and his faction and established a new royal council, temporarily averting conflict.<ref>{{harvnb|Phillips|2011|pp=308, 330}}; {{harvnb|Haines|2003|p=112}}</ref>
Edward's difficulties were exacerbated by prolonged problems in [[Economics of English Agriculture in the Middle Ages#The Great Famine of 1315–1317|English agriculture]], part of a wider phenomenon in northern Europe known as the [[Great Famine of 1315–17|Great Famine]]. It began with torrential rains in late 1314, followed by a very cold winter and heavy rains the following spring that killed many sheep and cattle. The bad weather continued, almost unabated, into 1321, resulting in a string of bad harvests.<ref>{{harvnb|Jordan|1996|p=171}}; {{harvnb|Phillips|2011|pp=252–253}}</ref> Revenues from the exports of wool plummeted and the price of food rose, despite attempts by Edward II's government to control prices.<ref>{{harvnb|Jordan|1996|p=171}}; {{harvnb|Phillips|2011|p=253}}</ref> Edward called for hoarders to release food, and tried to encourage both internal trade and the importation of grain, but with little success.<ref>{{harvnb|Jordan|1996|pp=172–174}}</ref> The requisitioning of provisions for the royal court during the famine years only added to tensions.<ref>{{harvnb|Ormrod|2011|pp=16–17}}</ref>
Meanwhile, Robert the Bruce exploited his victory at Bannockburn to raid northern England, initially attacking Carlisle and Berwick, and then reaching further south into [[Lancashire]] and [[Yorkshire]], even threatening York itself.<ref>{{harvnb|Phillips|2011|pp=248, 281, 329, 343–348}}</ref> Edward undertook an expensive but unsuccessful campaign to stem the advance in 1319, but the famine made it increasingly difficult to keep his garrisons supplied with food.<ref>{{harvnb|Phillips|2011|pp=343–348}}; {{harvnb|Haines|2003|p=97}}</ref> Meanwhile, a Scottish expedition led by Robert's brother successfully invaded Ireland in 1315, where [[Edward Bruce]] declared himself the [[King of Ireland]].<ref>{{harvnb|Phillips|2011|pp=248, 253–54}}</ref> He was finally defeated in 1318 by Edward II's Irish justiciar, Edmund Butler, at the [[Battle of Faughart]], and Edward Bruce's severed head was sent back to the King.<ref>{{harvnb|Phillips|2011|pp=256–258}}</ref> Revolts also broke out [[Banastre Rebellion|in Lancashire]] and [[Bristol]] in 1315, and in [[Glamorgan]] in Wales in 1316, but were suppressed.<ref>{{harvnb|Phillips|2011|pp=247–248}}; {{harvnb|Haines|2003|pp=98–99}}</ref>
The famine and the Scottish policy were felt to be a punishment from God, and complaints about Edward multiplied, one contemporary poem describing the "Evil Times of Edward II".<ref>{{harvnb|Rubin|2006|pp=17, 36}}; {{harvnb|Phillips|2011|p=328}}</ref> Many criticised Edward's "improper" and ignoble interest in rural pursuits.<ref>{{harvnb|Phillips|2011|p=277}}</ref> In 1318, a mentally ill man named [[John of Powderham]] appeared in Oxford, claiming that he was the real Edward II, and that Edward was a [[changeling]], swapped at birth.<ref>{{harvnb|Haines|2003|pp=43–44}}</ref> John was duly executed, but his claims resonated with those criticising Edward for his lack of regal behaviour and steady leadership.<ref>{{harvnb|Haines|2003|pp=43–44}}; {{harvnb|Childs|1991|pp=160–162}}</ref> Opposition also grew around Edward's treatment of his royal favourites.<ref>{{harvnb|Tebbit|2005|p=201}}</ref>
He had managed to retain some of his previous advisers, despite attempts by the Ordainers to remove them, and divided the extensive [[Gilbert de Clare, 8th Earl of Gloucester#Dispersal of estates and aftermath|de Clare inheritance]] among two of his new favourites, the former household knights Hugh Audley and [[Roger d'Amory|Roger Damory]], instantly making them extremely rich.<ref>{{harvnb|Tebbit|2005|p=205}}; {{harvnb|Haines|2003|pp=104–105}}</ref>{{refn|The de Clare inheritance had belonged to Gilbert de Clare, the late Earl of Gloucester, who died fighting at Bannockburn. The estates were divided up among his three sisters, one of whom was already married to Hugh Despenser the Younger.<ref>{{harvnb|Tebbit|2005|p=205}}; {{harvnb|Haines|2003|p=259}}</ref>|group="nb"}} Many of the moderates who had helped deliver the peaceful compromise in 1318 now began to turn against Edward, making violence ever more likely.<ref>{{harvnb|Phillips|2011|p=336}}</ref>
==Fall from power (1326–1327)==
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