Megalópteros: Diferenzas entre revisións

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Liña 12:
| ordo = '''Megaloptera'''
| authority = [[Pierre André Latreille|Latreille]], 1802
| subdivision_ranks = [[FamilyFamilia (biologybioloxía)|FamiliesFamilias]]
| subdivision =
[[Corydalidae]]<br />
Liña 23:
 
O nome procede do grego μέγα-, mega, 'grande' e πτέρυξ, pterix, 'á', en referencia ás súas ás grandes e burdas. Os megalópteros son insectos relativaemnte descoñecidos en gran parte da súa área de distribución, debido á curta vida dos adultos, a frecuentemente alta tolerancia das larvas acuáticas á [[polución]] (polo que son difíciles de atopar), e os seus hábitos xeralmente crepusculares ou nocturnos. Porén, en [[América]] os da subfamilia [[Corydalinae]] son ben coñecidas polas mandíbulas parecidas a defensas de elefante dos machos. Estas teñen unha aparencia formidable, pero son relativsamente inofensivs para os humanos e outros animais; a súa función é impresionar ás femias. Porén, as mandíbulas dos Corydalinae tamén se usan para suxeitar as femias durante o apareamento, e algúns machos pelexan entre elas en exhibicións de cortexo. As larvas destas especies adoitan usarse como isco para a pesca con anzó en Norteamérica.
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The Megaloptera were formerly considered part of a group then called Neuroptera, together with [[lacewing]]s and [[snakefly|snakeflies]], but these are now generally considered to be separate orders, with Neuroptera referring to the lacewings and relatives (which were formerly called Planipennia). The former Neuroptera, particularly the lacewing group, are nonetheless very closely related to each other, and the new name for this group is [[Neuropterida]].<ref>Also called "Neuropteroidea", though the ending "-oidea" is normally used for [[Taxonomic rank|superfamilies]]. See references in Haaramo (2008).</ref> This is either placed at [[superorder]] rank, with the [[Endopterygota]]—of which they are part—becoming an unranked [[clade]] above it, or the Endopterygota are maintained as a superorder, with an unranked Neuropterida being a part of them. Within the endopterygotes, the closest living relatives of the neuropteridan clade are the [[beetle]]s.
 
Anteriormete os Megaloptera eran considerados parte dun grupo denominado [[Neuroptera]], xunto cos [[lacewing]]s e os [[snakefly|snakeflies]], pero estes son agora considerados xeralmente ordes separadas, e os Neuroptera comprenden os lacewings e relacionados (que antes se chamaban Planipennia). Os anteriores Neuroptera, especialmente o grupo dos lacewing, están, non obstante, moi estreitamente relacionados entre si e o novo nove para este grupo é [[Neuropterida]].<ref>Tamén chamados "Neuropteroidea", aínda que a terminación "-oidea" é a que normalmente se usa para as superfamilias. Ver referencias en Haaramo (2008).</ref> Este é situado ou ben como un superorde, cos [[Endopterygota]] (dos cales forman parte) constituíndo un [[clado]] sen categoría taxonómica sobre eles, ou ben os Endopterygota son mantidos como superorde, e os Neuropterida sen categoría formarían parte deles. Dentro dos endopterigotos, os parentes vivos máis próximos do clado dos neuroptéridos son os [[escaravello]]s.
The Asian dobsonfly ''[[Acanthacorydalis fruhstorferi]]'' can have a wingspan of up to {{convert|21.6|cm|in|abbr=on}}, making it the largest aquatic insect in the world by this measurement.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/428458-largest-aquatic-insect-pterygota |title=Largest aquatic insect (by wingspan) |website=Guinness World Records |accessdate=4 April 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2704111/The-stuff-nightmares-New-species-insect-discovered-China-wingspan-EIGHT-INCHES.html |title=The stuff of nightmares! New species of insect discovered in China - and it has a wingspan of more than EIGHT INCHES |author=Jonathan O'Callaghan |date=24 July 2014 |website=[[Daily Mail]] |accessdate=26 July 2014 }}</ref>
 
TheO AsianCorydalinae dobsonflyasiático ''[[Acanthacorydalis fruhstorferi]]'' canpode haveter aunha wingspanenvergadura ofalar upde toata {{convert|21.,6|&nbsp;cm|in|abbr=on}}, makingo que ito thefai largesto aquaticinsecto insectacuático inde themaior worldenvergadura byalar thisdo measurementmundo.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/428458-largest-aquatic-insect-pterygota |title=Largest aquatic insect (by wingspan) |website=Guinness World Records |accessdate=4 April 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2704111/The-stuff-nightmares-New-species-insect-discovered-China-wingspan-EIGHT-INCHES.html |title=The stuff of nightmares! New species of insect discovered in China - and it has a wingspan of more than EIGHT INCHES |author=Jonathan O'Callaghan |date=24 July 2014 |website=[[Daily Mail]] |accessdate=26 July 2014 }}</ref>
 
== Anatomía e ciclo vital ==
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Adult megalopterans closely resemble the lacewings, except for the presence of a pleated region on their hind wings, helping them to fold over the abdomen. They have strong mandibles and [[insect mouthparts|mouthpart]]s apparently adapted for chewing, although many species do not eat as adults. They have large [[compound eye]]s, and, in some species, also have [[ocelli]]. The wings are large and [[wiktionary:subequal|subequal]].<ref name=IIBD>{{cite book |author= Hoell, H.V., Doyen, J.T. & Purcell, A.H. |year=1998 |title=Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 2nd ed. |publisher= Oxford University Press |pages= 441–443|isbn= 0-19-510033-6}}</ref>