Riftia pachyptila: Diferenzas entre revisións

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Miguelferig (conversa | contribucións)
Miguelferig (conversa | contribucións)
Liña 26:
== Estrutura corporal ==
[[Ficheiro:Nur04507.jpg|miniatura|300px|esquerda|Os vermes tubícolas de [[Cheminea hidrotermal|chemineas hidrotermais]] obteñen compostos orgánicos das bactrerias que viven no seu trofosoma.]]
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They have a highly [[wiktionary:vascular|vascularized]], red "plume" at the tip of their free end which is an organ for exchanging compounds with the environment (e.g., [[hydrogen sulfide|H<sub>2</sub>S]], [[carbon dioxide|CO<sub>2</sub>]], [[oxygen|O<sub>2</sub>]], etc.). The tube worm does not have many [[predator]]s. If threatened, the plume may be retracted into the worm's protective tube. The plume provides essential nutrients to [[bacteria]] living inside the [[trophosome]]. Tube worms have no digestive tract, but the bacteria (which may make up half of a worm's body weight) convert [[oxygen]], [[hydrogen sulfide]], [[carbon dioxide]], etc. into organic molecules on which their host worms feed. This process, known as [[chemosynthesis]], was recognized within the trophosome by [[Colleen Cavanaugh]].<ref name="Cavanaugh1981">{{cite journal | last = Cavanaugh | first = Colleen M. | authorlink = | title = Prokaryotic Cells in the Hydrothermal Vent Tube Worm ''Riftia pachyptila'' Jones: Possible Chemoautotrophic Symbionts | journal = Science | volume = 213 | issue = 4505 | pages = 340–342 | year = 1981 | doi = 10.1126/science.213.4505.340 | pmid = 17819907 | display-authors = 1 | last2 = Gardiner | first2 = S. L. | last3 = Jones | first3 = M. L. | last4 = Jannasch | first4 = H. W. | last5 = Waterbury | first5 = J. B. }}</ref>
 
TheyTeñen haveunha a"pluma" highlyvermella [[wiktionary:vascular|vascularized]],moi redvasclarizada "plume"no atextremo thedo tipseu ofextremo theirlibre, freeque endé whichun isórgano anpara organo forintercambio exchangingde compoundscompostos withco theambiente environment(por (e.g.exemplo, [[hydrogensulfuro sulfidede hidróxeno|H<sub>2</sub>S]], [[carbondióxido de dioxidecarbono|CO<sub>2</sub>]], [[oxygenoxíxeno|O<sub>2</sub>]], etc.). Os Thevermes tubetubulares wormnon doesteñen notmoitos havepredadores. manySe [[predator]]s.son If threatenedameazados, thea plumepluma maypode beretraerse retracteddentro intodo thetubo worm'sprotector protectivedo tubeverme. TheA plumepluma providesproporciona essentialnutrientes nutrientsesenciais toás [[bacteria]]s que livingviven insidedentro thedo [[trophosometrofosoma]]. TubeEstes wormsvermes havetubícolas nonon digestiveteñen tracttracto dixestivo de adultos, butpero theas bacteriabacterias (whichque maypoden makesupoñer upata halfa ofmetade ado worm'speso corporal bodydo weightverme) convertconverten o [[oxygenoxíxeno]], [[hydrogensulfuro sulfidede hidróxeno]], [[carbondióxido de dioxidecarbono]], etc. intoen organicmoléculas moleculesorgánicas ondas whichcales theirse hostalimentan wormsos feedvermes hóspedes. Este This processproceso,coñecido known ascomo [[chemosynthesisquimiosíntese]], wasfoi recognizedrecoñecido within theno trophosometrofosoma bypor [[Colleen Cavanaugh]].<ref name="Cavanaugh1981">{{cite journal | last = Cavanaugh | first = Colleen M. | authorlink = | title = Prokaryotic Cells in the Hydrothermal Vent Tube Worm ''Riftia pachyptila'' Jones: Possible Chemoautotrophic Symbionts | journal = Science | volume = 213 | issue = 4505 | pages = 340–342 | year = 1981 | doi = 10.1126/science.213.4505.340 | pmid = 17819907 | display-authors = 1 | last2 = Gardiner | first2 = S. L. | last3 = Jones | first3 = M. L. | last4 = Jannasch | first4 = H. W. | last5 = Waterbury | first5 = J. B. }}</ref>
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The bright red color of the plume structures results from several extraordinarily complex [[hemoglobin]]s, which contain up to 144 [[globin chain]]s (each presumably including associated heme structures). These tube worm hemoglobins are remarkable for carrying oxygen in the presence of sulfide, without being inhibited by this molecule as hemoglobins in most other species are.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Zal F, Lallier FH, Green BN, Vinogradov SN, Toulmond A |title=The multi-hemoglobin system of the hydrothermal vent tube worm ''Riftia pachyptila''. II. Complete polypeptide chain composition investigated by maximum entropy analysis of mass spectra |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=271 |issue=15 |pages=8875–81 |date=Apr 1996 |pmid=8621529 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.271.15.8875 |issn=0021-9258 |url=http://www.jbc.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=8621529 |format=Free full text}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Minic Z, Hervé G |title=Biochemical and enzymological aspects of the symbiosis between the deep-sea tubeworm ''Riftia pachyptila'' and its bacterial endosymbiont |journal=Eur. J. Biochem. |volume=271 |issue=15 |pages=3093–102 |date=Aug 2004 |pmid=15265029 |issn=0014-2956 |format=Free full text | doi=10.1111/j.1432-1033.2004.04248.x}}</ref>
 
Liña 42:
''Riftia pachyptila'' has the fastest growth rate of any known marine invertebrate. These organisms have been known to colonize a new site, grow to sexual maturity and increase in length to 4.9 feet (1.5 m) in less than two years.<ref name="Lutz1994">{{Cite journal | last1 = Lutz | first1 = R. A. | last2 = Shank | first2 = T. M. | last3 = Fornari | first3 = D. J. | last4 = Haymon | first4 = R. M. | last5 = Lilley | first5 = M. D. | last6 = Von Damm | first6 = K. L. | last7 = Desbruyeres | first7 = D. | doi = 10.1038/371663a0 | title = Rapid growth at deep-sea vents | journal = Nature | volume = 371 | issue = 6499 | pages = 663 | year = 1994 | pmid = | pmc = }}</ref> This is in sharp contrast to ''[[Lamellibrachia]] luymesi'', the tube worms that live at deep sea [[cold seeps]] and grow very slowly for most of their lives. It takes from 170 to 250 years for ''Lamellibrachia luymesi'' to grow 2 meters in length, and even longer worms have been discovered.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2000/02/000203075002.htm|title=Tube Worms In Deep Sea Discovered To Have Record Long Life Spans|work=ScienceDaily}}</ref>
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== Notas ==
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