Complexo de especies: Diferenzas entre revisións

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Miguelferig (conversa | contribucións)
Miguelferig (conversa | contribucións)
Liña 105:
 
=== Estimación da biodiversidade ===
Suxeriuse que os complexos de especies crípticas son moi comúns nos ambientes mariños.<ref name="Knowlton 1993" /> Aínd que esta suxestión fíxose antes de realizar anñalises detalladas de moitos sistemas usando datos de secuencias de ADN, demostrouse despois que era correcta.<ref name="Knowlton 2000" /> O crecente uso das secuencias de ADN na investigación da diversidade dos organismos (tamén chamada [[filoxeografía]] e [[códigode barras de ADN]]) conduciu ao descubrimento dunha gran cantidade de complexos de especies crípticas en todos os hábitats. No [[briozoo]] mariño ''[[Celleporella|Celleporella hyalina]]'',<ref name="Gómez 2007" /> as análises morfolóxicas detalladas e as probas de compatibilidade de apareamento entre illamentos identificados por anñalise de secuencias de ADN utilizáronse para confirmar que estes grupos constaban de máis de 10 especies ecoloxicamene distintas que diverxiran durante moitos millóns de anos. Iso indica que a biodiversidade global ten que ser moito maior do que se pensaba.
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It has been suggested that cryptic species complexes are very common in the marine environment.<ref name="Knowlton 1993" /> Although this suggestion came before the detailed analysis of many systems using DNA sequence data, it has been proven correct.<ref name="Knowlton 2000" /> The increased use of DNA sequence in the investigation of organismal diversity (also called [[Phylogeography]] and [[DNA barcoding]]) has led to the discovery of a great many cryptic species complexes in all habitats. In the marine bryozoan ''[[Celleporella|Celleporella hyalina]]'',<ref name="Gómez 2007" /> detailed morphological analyses and mating compatibility tests between the isolates identified by DNA sequence analysis were used to confirm that these groups consisted of more than 10 ecologically distinct species that had been diverging for many million years.
 
Evidence from the identification of cryptic species has led some{{Who|date=April 2010}} to conclude that current estimates of global species richness are too low.
 
=== Control de patóxenos e enfermidades ===
 
[[FileFicheiro:AnophelesGambiaemosquito.jpg|thumbminiatura|alt=AO mosquitocomplexo sittingdo on the tip of a finger|Themosquito ''[[Anopheles gambiae]]'' mosquitocomprende complexespecies containsque son [[vector epidemiolóxico|vectores]] da [[malaria]] vectore andoutras que non-vector species.<ref name="Besansky 1994" />]]
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Pests, species causing diseases, and their vectors, have direct importance for humans. When they are found to be cryptic species complexes, the ecology and virulence of each of these species needs to be reevaluated to devise appropriate control strategies.{{citation needed|date=December 2014}} An example are cryptic species in the [[malaria]] vector ''[[Anopheles]]'', or the fungi causing [[cryptococcosis]].