Comisión da Enerxía Atómica dos Estados Unidos: Diferenzas entre revisións

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TheA '''Comisión da Enerxía Atómica dos Estados Unidos''' ({{lang-en|'''United States Atomic Energy Commission'''}}), commonlytamén knowncoñecida aspolas thesiglas '''AEC''', wasfoi anunha agencyaxencia ofdo thegoberno Uniteddos States[[Estados governmentUnidos]] establishedestablecida aftertrala [[Worldsegunda Warguerra IImundial]] bypolo [[U.S.Congreso dos CongressEstados Unidos]] topara fosterfomentar ande controlcontrolar theo peacetimedesenvolvemento developmentda ofciencia atomice science andtecnoloxía technologyatómica.<ref name=Niehoff>{{cite journal|author=Niehoff, Richard|year= 1948|title=Organization and Administration of the United States Atomic Energy Commission|journal=Public Administration Review| volume =8 | issue = 2 }}</ref>{{rp|91–102}} O Presidentpresidente [[Harry S. Truman]] signedasinou thea [[AtomicActa Energyde ActEnerxía ofAtómica de 1946|McMahon/AtomicActa Energyde Enerxía ActAtómica/McMahon]] on Augusto 1, de agosto de 1946, transferringtransferindo theo control ofda atomicenerxía energyatómica fromdende [[military]]o toexército [[civilian]]a handsmans civís, effectivefacéndose onefectiva Januaryo 1, de xaneiro de 1947. ThisEste shiftcambio gavedeulle theós membersmembros of theda AEC completeo control ofcompleto thedas plantsplantas, laboratorieslaboratorios, equipment,equipamento ande personnelpersoal assembledinvolucrado duringna theprodución warda to[[bomba produceatómica]] thedurante atomico bomb[[Proxecto Manhattan]].<ref name=Hewlett>{{cite book|author1=Hewlett, Richard G. |author2=Oscar E. Anderson |lastauthoramp=yes |title= A History of the United States Atomic Energy Commission|location= University Park|publisher= Pennsylvania State University Press|year= 1962}}</ref>
 
During its initial establishment and subsequent operationalization, theA AEC playedtivo aun keypapel roleimportante inno thedesenvolvemento institutionalinstitucional development ofda [[Ecosystemecoloxía de ecologyecosistemas]]. Specifically, itfornecendo providedrecursos crucialfinanceiros financialpara resources, allowing for ecological research toa takeinvestigación placeecolóxica.<ref name=Hagen>{{cite book|author=Hagen, Joel Bartholemew|title= An Entangled Bank: The Origins of Ecosystem Ecology| location=New Brunswick, N.J.|publisher= Rutgers University Press|year= 1992}}</ref> PerhapsTamén evenforneceu moreunha importantly,serie itde enablednovas ecologiststécnicas withpara aas wideinvestigacións rangeecoloxistas. ofA groundbreakingfinais techniquesdos for[[anos the1950]] completione ofcomezos theirdos research.[[anos In1960]] the late 1950s and early 1960s, thea AEC alsoaprobou approvedfinanciamento fundingpara forvarios numerousproxectos bioenvironmentalmedioambientais projectsnas inrexións thedo arctic[[Ártico]], anddeseñados subarcticpara regions.avaliar Theseos projectsefectos wereda designed to examine the effects of[[enerxía nuclear]] energysobre upono the environment and were a part of the AEC’s attempt at creating peaceful applications of atomic energy[[ambiente]].<ref name=Wolfe>{{cite journal|author=Wolfe, John N|title=National Agency Programs and Support of Arctic Biology in the United States: Atomic Energy Commission|journal= BioScience|volume=14 | issue = 5 |year=1964|pages=22–25|doi=10.2307/1293192 |url=http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/lib-www/la-pubs/00390244.pdf}}</ref>{{rp|22–25}}
 
AnNos increasinganos number1960 ofincrementáronse criticsas duringcríticas thedas 1960sregulacións chargedda thatAEC, theindicando AEC'sque regulationserean wereinsuficientes insufficientlyen rigorousvarias ináreas, severalincluíndo importantos areas,estándares includingde protección contra a [[radiationradiación]], protectiona standards,seguridade dos [[nuclearreactores reactornucleares]] safety,e planta siting,protección and environmental protectionambiental. ByEn 1974, theo AEC'sCongreso regulatorydecidiu programsabolir hada comeAEC underpor suchmedio strongda attack[[Acta thatde theReorganización [[U.S.da CongressEnerxía de 1974]], decidedque toasignou abolishas thesúas AEC.funcións Thea AECdúas wasnovas abolishedaxencias: by thea [[EnergyAdministración Reorganizationde ActInvestigación ofe 1974]],Desenvolvemento whichda assignedEnerxía itsdos functionsEstados toUnidos]] twoe new agencies: thea [[EnergyComisión Researchde andRegulación DevelopmentNuclear Administration]]dos andEstados the [[Nuclear Regulatory CommissionUnidos]].<ref name="AEC1974">{{cite web|url=https://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary/atomic-energy-commission.html |title=Atomic Energy Commission |accessdate=2009-11-16 |publisher=Nuclear Regulatory Commission }}</ref> On August 4, 1977, [[Jimmy Carter|President Jimmy Carter]] signed into law '''The Department of Energy Organization Act of 1977''', which created the [[United States Department of Energy|Department of Energy]]. The new agency assumed the responsibilities of the [[Federal Energy Administration]] (FEA), the [[Energy Research and Development Administration]] (ERDA), the [[Federal Power Commission]] (FPC), and various other Federal agencies.
 
==Notas==