Lista de reis dos pictos: Diferenzas entre revisións
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Liña 1:
A '''lista de reis dos [[pictos]]''' está baseada nas listas de reis da crónica picta. Estes son documentos tardíos e non rexistran as datas nas que reinaron os reis. As diversas listas sobreviventes discrepan nos sitios e nos nomes dos reis, así como a duración dos seus reinados. Unha porción grande das listas, non reproducidas aquí, pertencen á mitoloxía [[Mitoloxía escocesa|mitoloxía caledonia]] ou [[Mitoloxía irlandesa|irlandesa.]] As últimas partes das listas poden ser reconciliadas en gran parte con outras fontes.
==Kings of the Picts==
Colouring indicates groups of kings presumed to be related.
===Early kings===
{| class="wikitable"
!width="10%"|Reign
!width="10%"|Ruler
!width="20%"|Other names<ref>Other names are only given where they differ significantly. See also [[#Names|Names]] above</ref>
!width="20%"|Family
!width="35%"|Remarks
|-
| –260
| [[Ru of the Picts]]
|
|
|
|-
| 260–264
| [[Garnaith Bolgh of the Picts]]
|
|
|Reigned 4 years
|-
| 264–273
| [[Garnaith Ini of the Picts]]
|
|
|Reigned 9 years
|-
| 273–280
| [[Breth mac Buthut of the Picts]]
|
|
|Reigned 7 years
|-
| 280–310
| [[Vipoig of the picts|Vipoig ]]
|
|
|Reigned 30 years
|-
| 310–340
| [[Fiachu Albust of the Picts]]
|
|
|Reigned 1 year
|-
| 340–344
| [[Canutulachma of the Picts|Canutulachama]]<ref>{{cite web|last1=Salway|first1=Peter|title=Kings of Pictland (Caledonia)|url=http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsBritain/GaelsPictland.htm|website=2014|publisher=The History Files|accessdate=13 June 2014}}</ref>
|
|
|Reigned 4 years
|-
| 344–345
| [[Dornornauch Nerales of the Picts]]
|
|
|Reigned 1 year
|-
| 345–347
| [[Uradech of the Picts|Uradech]]
|
|
|Reigned 2 years
|-
| 347–387
| [[Gartnait II Duberr of the Picts|Gartnait II]]
|
|
|Reigned 40 years
|-
| 387–412
| [[Talorc mac Achiuir]]
|
|
|Regined 25 years
|- bgcolor="#FFE8E8"
| 412–452
| '''[[Drest I of the Picts|Drest]]'''
| Drest son of Erp
|
| First king of the Pictish Chronicle lists whose reign includes a [[synchronism]] (the coming of [[Saint Patrick]] to [[Ireland]]; "ruled a hundred years and fought a hundred battles"
|-
| 452–456
| '''[[Talorc I of the Picts|Talorc]]'''
| Talorc son of Aniel
|
| An entry in the king lists; reigned 2 or 4 years
|- bgcolor="#FFE8E8"
| 456–480
| '''[[Nechtan I of the Picts|Nechtan]]'''
| Nechtan son of Uuirp (or Erip), Nechtan the Great, Nechtan Celcamoth
| Possibly a brother of Drest son of Erp
| The foundation of the monastery at [[Abernethy, Perth and Kinross|Abernethy]] is fathered on this king, almost certainly spuriously. A similar name ''nehhtton(s)'' was found on the [[Lunnasting stone]]; one interpretator of which suggested it containing the phrase "the vassal of Nehtonn"
|-
| 480–510
| '''[[Drest II of the Picts|Drest]]'''
| Drest Gurthinmoch (or Gocinecht)
|
| An entry in the king lists; reigned 30 years
|-
| 510–522
| '''[[Galan of the Picts|Galan]]'''
| Galan Erilich or Galany
|
| An entry in the king lists
|-
| 522–530
| '''[[Drest III of the Picts|Drest]]'''
| Drest son of Uudrost (or Hudrossig)
|
| An entry in the king lists
|- bgcolor="#FFFFCC"
| 522–531
| '''[[Drest IV of the Picts|Drest]]'''
| Drest son of Girom (or Gurum)
|
| An entry in the king lists
|- bgcolor="#FFFFCC"
| 531–537
| '''[[Gartnait I of the Picts|Gartnait]]'''
| Garthnac son of Girom, Ganat son of Gigurum
|
| An entry in the king lists
|- bgcolor="#FFFFCC"
| 537–538
| '''[[Cailtram of the Picts|Cailtram]]'''
| Cailtram son of Girom, Kelturan son of Gigurum
| Brother of the preceding Gartnait
| An entry in the king lists
|-
| 538–549
| '''[[Talorc II of the Picts|Talorc]]'''
| Talorc son of Murtolic, Tolorg son of Mordeleg
|
| An entry in the king lists
|-
| 549–550
| '''[[Drest V of the Picts|Drest]]'''
| Drest son of Manath, Drest son of Munait
|
| An entry in the king lists
|}
===Early historical kings===
The first king who appears in multiple early sources is Bridei son of Maelchon, and kings from the later 6th century onwards may be considered historical as their deaths are generally reported in Irish sources.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!width="10%"|Reign
!width="10%"|Ruler
!width="20%"|Other names
!width="20%"|Family
!width="35%"|Remarks
|-
| 550–555
| '''[[Galam of the Picts|Galam]]'''
| Galam Cennalath
|
| The death of "Cennalaph, king of the Picts" is recorded, may have ruled jointly with Bridei son of Maelchon
|-
| 554–584
| '''[[Bridei I of the Picts|Bridei]]'''
| Bridei son of Maelchon<br>Brude son of Melcho
|
| His death and other activities are recorded, he is named in [[Adomnán of Iona|Adomnán]]'s ''Life of Saint [[Columba]]''; the first Pictish king to be more than a name in a list
|-
| 584–595
| '''[[Gartnait II of the Picts|Gartnait]]'''
| Gartnait son of Domelch,<ref>Bannerman, pp. 92–94, identifies this Gartnait with Gartnait son of [[Áedán mac Gabráin]], founder of the "genus Gartnait" of [[Skye]].</ref> Gernard son of Dompneth
|
|
|- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 595–616
| '''[[Nechtan II of the Picts|Nechtan]]'''
| Nechtan grandson of Uerb<ref>Woolf, "Pictish matriliny reconsidered, pp. 160–161, suggests has been suggested that "grandson of Uerb" should be read son of Uerb. Alternatively, it has been suggested that Uerb may represent a legendary apical ancestor such as the Fer map Con in the ancestry of [[Run of Alt Clut|Run map Artgal]] in the [[Harleian genealogies]]. The sons of Uuid are presumed to be related.</ref><br>Nechtan son of Cano<ref>For the identification as a son of Cano, grandson of [[Áedán mac Gabráin]], see Bannerman, pp. 92–93.</ref>
|
| His reign is placed in the time of [[Pope Boniface IV]]
|-
| 616–631
| '''[[Cinioch of the Picts|Cinioch]]'''
| Cinioch son of Lutrin<br>Kinet son of Luthren
|
|
|- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 631–635
| '''[[Gartnait III of the Picts|Gartnait]]'''
| Gartnait son of Uuid<ref>Another list names Nechtan son of Fochle.</ref>
| Brother of the following two kings
|
|- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 635–641
| '''[[Bridei II of the Picts|Bridei]]'''
| Bridei son of Uuid or son of Fochle
| Brother of the preceding and following kings
|
|- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 641–653
| '''[[Talorc III of the Picts|Talorc]]'''
| Talorc son of Uuid or son of Foth
| Brother of the preceding two kings
|
|- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 653–657
| '''[[Talorcan of the Picts|Talorgan]]'''
| Talorgan son of Eanfrith
| Son of [[Eanfrith of Bernicia]]
|
|- bgcolor="#FFFFCC"
| 657–663
| '''[[Gartnait IV of the Picts|Gartnait]]'''
| Gartnait son of Donnel or son of Dúngal
|
|
|- bgcolor="#FFFFCC"
| 663–672
| '''[[Drest VI of the Picts|Drest]]'''
| Drest son of Donnel or son of Dúngal
|
|
|}
===Later historical kings===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!width="10%"|Reign
!width="10%"|Ruler
!width="20%"|Other names
!width="20%"|Family
!width="35%"|Remarks
|-
| 672–693
| '''[[Bridei III of the Picts|Bridei]]'''
| Bridei son of Bili
| Son of [[Beli I of Alt Clut]] or grandson of [[Nechtan II of the Picts|Nechtan II]]
| At war with the Scots in 683. Defeated [[Ecgfrith of Northumbria]] at the [[Battle of Dun Nechtain]] in 685.
|- bgcolor="#DDEEFF"
| 693–697
| '''[[Taran of the Picts|Taran]]'''
| Taran son of Ainftech
| Possibly a uterine half-brother of Bridei and Nechtan mac Der-Ilei
|
|- bgcolor="#DDEEFF"
| 697–706
| '''[[Bridei IV of the Picts|Bridei]]'''
| Bridei son of Der-Ilei
| Brother of Nechtan
| Son of Der-Ilei, a Pictish princess, and [[Dargart mac Finnguine]], a member of the [[Cenél Comgaill]] of Dál Riata; listed as a guarantor of the [[Cáin Adomnáin]]
|- bgcolor="#DDEEFF"
| 706–724
| '''[[Nechtan IV of the Picts|Nechtan]]'''
| Nechtan son of Der-Ilei
| Brother of Bridei
| Adopted the Roman dating of [[Easter]] c. 712, a noted founder of churches and monasteries
|- bgcolor="#DDEEFF"
| 724–726
| '''[[Drest VII of the Picts|Drest]]'''
|
| Perhaps son of a half-brother of Nechtan and Bridei
| Succeeded Nechtan, imprisoned him in 726, may have been deposed that year by Alpín
|-
| 726–728
| '''[[Alpín I of the Picts|Alpín]]'''
|
|
| Probably a co-ruler or subking under Drest
|- bgcolor="#DDEEFF"
| 728–729
| '''[[Nechtan IV of the Picts|Nechtan]]'''<br>restored
| Nechtan son of Der-Ilei, second reign
|
|
|- bgcolor="#FFE8E8"
| 729–761
| '''[[Óengus I of the Picts|Onuist]]'''
| [[Óengus I of the Picts|Onuist son of Vurguist]]
| Claimed as a kinsman by the [[Eóganachta]]
|- bgcolor="#FFE8E8"
| 736–750
| Talorcan II of the Picts|Talorcan
| Talorcan son of Fergus
| Brother of Óengus
| Perhaps king of Atholl; killed in battle against the Britons of [[Kingdom of Strathclyde|Alt Clut]]
|- bgcolor="#FFE8E8"
| 761–763
| '''[[Bridei V of the Picts|Bridei]]'''
| Bridei son of Fergus
| Brother of Onuist
| King of [[Fortriu]]
|-
| 763–775
| '''[[Ciniod I of the Picts|Ciniod]]'''
| Ciniod son of Uuredach, Cinadhon
| Sometimes thought to be a grandson of [[Selbach mac Ferchair]]
| Granted asylum to the deposed King [[Alhred of Northumbria]]
|-
| 775–778
| '''[[Alpín II of the Picts|Alpín]]'''
| Alpin son of Uuroid
|
| Death reported as Eilpín, king of the Saxons but this is taken to be an error
|- bgcolor="#FFE8E8"
| 778–782
| '''[[Talorc II of the Picts|Talorc]]'''
| Talorc son of Drest
|
| Death reported in the Ulster Annals
|- bgcolor="#FFE8E8"
| 782–783
| '''[[Drest VIII of the Picts|Drest]]
| Drest son of Talorgan
| Son of the preceding Talorgan or of Talorgan, brother of Óengus
|
|-
| 783–785
| '''[[Talorc III of the Picts|Talorc]]'''
| Talorgan son of Onuist, also Dub Tholarg
| Son of Óengus
|
|-
| 785–789
| '''[[Conall mac Taidg|Conall]]'''
| Conall son of Tarla (or of Tadg)
|
| Perhaps rather a king in Dál Riata
|- bgcolor="#FFE8E8"
| 789–820
| '''[[Caustantín of the Picts|Caustantín]]'''
| Caustantín son of Fergus<ref>Previously thought to have been an Irish gaelicisation, now known to be an authentic form of his name found on the [[Dupplin Cross]].</ref>
| A grandson or grandnephew of Onuist or perhaps a son of [[Fergus mac Echdach]]<ref>Grandson or grandnephew of Onuist per Broun, "Pictish kings", son of Fergus mac Echdach in older works.</ref>
| His son [[Domnall mac Caustantín|Domnall]] may have been king of Dál Riata
|- bgcolor="#FFE8E8"
| 820–834
| '''[[Óengus II of the Picts|Óengus]]'''
| Óengus son of Fergus
| Brother of Caustantín
|
|- bgcolor="#FFE8E8"
| 834–837
| '''[[Drest IX of the Picts|Drest]]'''
| Drest son of Caustantín
| Son of Caustantín
|
|-
| 834–837
| [[Talorc IV|Talorc]]
| Talorcan son of Wthoil
|
|
|- bgcolor="#FFE8E8"
| 837–839
| '''[[Uen of the Picts|Eógan]]'''
| Eógan son of Óengus
| Son of Óengus
| Killed in 839 with his brother Bran in battle against the Vikings; this led to a decade of conflict
|}
===Kings of the Picts 839–848 (not successively)===
The deaths of Eógan and Bran appear to have led to a large number of competitors for the throne of Pictland.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!|Reign
!|Ruler
!|Other names
!|Family
!|Remarks
|- bgcolor="#F5DEB3"
| 839–842
| '''[[Uurad]]'''
| Uurad son of Bargoit
| Unknown
| Said to have reigned for three years, probably named on the [[Drosten Stone]]
|- bgcolor="#F5DEB3"
| 842–843
| '''[[Bridei VI]]'''
| Bridei son of Uurad
| Possibly the son of the previous king
| Said to have reigned one year
|- bgcolor="#F5DEB3"
| 843
| '''[[Ciniod II]]'''
| {{nowrap|Kenneth son of Ferath}}
| Possibly the brother of the previous king
| Said to have reigned one year in some lists
|-
| 843–845
| '''[[Bridei VII]]'''
| Brudei son of Uuthoi
| Unknown
| Said to have reigned two years in some lists
|- bgcolor="#F5DEB3"
| 845–848
| '''[[Drest X]]
| Drest son of Uurad
| As previous sons of Uurad
| Said to have reigned three years in some lists; the myth of [[MacAlpin's treason]] calls the Pictish king Drest
|- bgcolor="#D8BFD8"
| 848–<br/>13 February 858
| '''[[Kenneth MacAlpin|Cináed]]'''
| {{nowrap|Ciniod son of Elphin}}<br/>{{nowrap|Cináed mac Ailpín}}<br/>{{nowrap|Kenneth MacAlpin}}
| Unknown, but his descendants made him a member of the [[Cenél nGabráin]] of [[Dál Riata]]
|
|}
===Kings of the Picts traditionally counted as King of Scots===
[[Kenneth I of Scotland|Cináed mac Ailpín]] (Kenneth MacAlpin in English) defeated the rival kings, winning out by around 845–848. He is traditionally considered first "King of Scots", or of "Picts and Scots", allegedly having conquered the Picts as a Gael, which is turning history back to front, as most modern scholars point out, he was actually 'King of Picts', and the terms 'King of Alba' and the even later 'King Scots' were not used until several generations after him.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!width="10%"|Reign
!width="10%"|Ruler
!width="20%"|Other names
!width="20%"|Family
!width="35%"|Remarks
|- bgcolor="#D8BFD8"
| Died 13 February 858
| '''[[Kenneth I of Scotland|Cináed]]'''
| Ciniod son of Elphin<br>Cináed mac Ailpín<br>Coinneach mac Ailpein<br>Kenneth MacAlpin<br>Kenneth I
| Unknown, but his descendants made him a member of the Cenél nGabráin of [[Dál Riata]]
|
|- bgcolor="#D8BFD8"
| Died 862
| '''[[Donald I of Scotland|Domnall]]'''
| Domnall mac Ailpín<br>Dòmhnall mac Ailpein<br>Donald MacAlpin<br>Donald I
| Brother of Cináed
|
|- bgcolor="#D8BFD8"
| Died 877
| '''[[Constantine I of Scotland|Causantín]]'''
| Causantín mac Cináeda<br>Còiseam mac Choinnich<br>Constantín mac Cináeda<br>Constantine I
| Son of Cináed
|
|- bgcolor="#D8BFD8"
| Died 878
| '''[[Áed of Scotland|Áed]]'''
| Áed mac Cináeda<br>Aodh mac Choinnich<br>Aedth<br>Edus
| Son of Cináed
|
|-
| Deposed 889 ?
| '''[[Eochaid, son of Rhun|Eochaid]]'''
|
| Son of [[Rhun ap Arthgal]], and maternal grandson of Cináed
| Associated with Giric. Could have shared kingship with Giric, either as an equal partner or adversary. Could have also reigned as [[King of Strathclyde]]
|-
| Deposed 889 ?
| '''[[Giric of Scotland|Giric]]'''
| Giric mac Dúngail<br>Griogair mac Dhunghail<br>"Mac Rath" ("Son of Fortune")
| Cináed's daughter's son ?
| Associated with Eochaid
|- bgcolor="#D8BFD8"
| Died 900
| '''[[Donald II of Scotland|Domnall]]'''
| Domnall mac Causantín<br>Dòmhnall mac Chòiseim<br>Donald II<br>"Dásachtach" ("The Madman")
| Son of Causantín mac Cináeda
| Last to be called "king of the Picts"
|}
===King of Alba===
{{main|List of Scottish monarchs}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!width="10%"|Reign
!width="10%"|Ruler
!width="20%"|Other names
!width="20%"|Family
!width="35%"|Remarks
|- bgcolor="#D8BFD8"
| Abdicated 943, died 952
| '''[[Constantine II of Scotland|Causantín]]'''
| Causantín mac Áeda<br />Còiseam mac Aoidh<br />Constantine II
| Son of Áed mac Cináeda
| First king of [[kingdom of Alba|Alba]], the kingdom that later became known as "Scotland".
|}
{{Reis dos pictos e dos escoceses}}
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