Lista de linguas por número de falantes: Diferenzas entre revisións
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[[Ficheiro:Primary Human Language Families Map.png|miniatura|dereita|380px|Distribución actual das familias de linguas.]]
This article ranks human languages by their number of [[native speaker]]s.
However, all such rankings should be used with caution.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.uis.unesco.org/Library/Documents/evaluating-language-statistics-ethnologue-beyond-culture-2006-en.pdf|title = Evaluating language statistics: the Ethnologue and beyond|date = 31 March 2006|accessdate = 8 October 2015|website = |publisher = [[UNESCO]] Institute of Statistics|last = Paolillo|first = John C.|pages = 3–5|last2 = Das|first2 = Anupam}}</ref> It is difficult to define the difference between a [[language]] and a [[dialect]], or between a language and a [[macrolanguage]]; for example, [[Chinese language|Chinese]] is sometimes considered a single language and sometimes a macrolanguage whose [[Varieties of Chinese|many varieties]] are all independent languages. Any division of speakers among languages is the result of the classification of these speakers. Often such classifications are based on political or cultural factors. Although such classifications are not entirely arbitrary, it is not possible to devise a coherent linguistic set of criteria for the boundaries between languages.
For a list of languages with the smallest numbers of native speakers, see [[lists of endangered languages]].
==''Nationalencyklopedin''==
The following table contains the top 100 languages by estimated number of native speakers in the 2007 edition of ''[[Nationalencyklopedin]]''. As census methods in different countries vary to a considerable extent, and given that some countries do not record language in their censuses, any list of languages by native speakers, or total speakers, is effectively based on estimates. Updated estimates from 2010 are also provided.<ref name="Nationalencyklopedin">Mikael Parkvall, "Världens 100 största språk 2007" (The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007), in ''[[Nationalencyklopedin]]''. Asterisks mark the [http://www.ne.se/spr%C3%A5k/v%C3%A4rldens-100-st%C3%B6rsta-spr%C3%A5k-2010 2010 estimates] for the top dozen languages.</ref>
The top eleven languages have additional figures from the 2010 edition of the ''Nationalencyklopedin''. Numbers above 95 million are rounded off to the nearest 5 million.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Top languages by population per ''Nationalencyklopedin''
|-
! Rank
! Language
! data-sort-type = "number" | Native<br>speakers<br>in millions<br>2007 (2010)
! Fraction<br>of world<br>population<br>(2007)
|-
| 1 ||'''[[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]]''' (entire branch) || 935 (955) || {{rnd|{{#expr: 935/6615*100}}|1}}%
|-
| 2 ||'''[[Spanish language|Spanish]]''' || 390 (405) || {{rnd|{{#expr: 387/6615*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 3 ||'''[[English language|English]]''' || 365 (360) || {{rnd|{{#expr: 365/6615*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 4 ||'''[[Hindi language|Hindi]]'''{{efn|Refers to only ''Modern Standard Hindi'' here. The [[Census of India]] defines Hindi on a loose and broad basis. In addition to Standard Hindi, it incorporates a set of other [[Indo-Aryan languages]] written in [[Devanagari|Devanagari script]] including [[Awadhi language|Awadhi]], [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]], [[Haryanvi language|Haryanvi]], [[Dhundhari language|Dhundhari]] etc. under Hindi group which have more than 422 million native speakers as of 2001.<ref name="2001Stm1">[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/%28S%282scoev45b4mhlg45mz5jq345%29%29/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/Statement1.aspx Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues – 2000], Census of India, 2001</ref> However, the census also acknowledges Standard Hindi, the above mentioned languages and others as separate mother tongues of the Hindi language and provides individual figures for all these languages.<ref name="2001Stm1"/>}} || 295 (310) || {{rnd|{{#expr: 295/6615*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 5 || '''[[Arabic language|Arabic]]''' || 280 (295) || {{rnd|{{#expr: 280/6615*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 6 ||'''[[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]''' || 205 (215) || {{rnd|{{#expr: 204/6615*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 7 ||'''[[Bengali language|Bengali]]''' (Bangla) || 200 (205) || {{rnd|{{#expr: 202/6615*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 8 ||'''[[Russian language|Russian]]''' || 160 (155) || {{rnd|{{#expr: 160/6615*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 9 ||'''[[Japanese language|Japanese]]''' || 125 (125) || {{rnd|{{#expr: 127/6615*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 10 ||'''[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]''' || 95 (100) || {{rnd|{{#expr: 95500/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 11 ||'''[[German language|German]]''' || 92 (95) || {{rnd|{{#expr: 92100/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 12 ||'''[[Javanese language|Javanese]]''' || 82 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 82400/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 13 ||'''[[Wu Chinese|Wu]]''' (inc. [[Shanghainese]]) || 80 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 79500/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 14 ||'''[[Malay language|Malay]]''' (inc. [[Malaysian language|Malaysian]] and [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]) || 77 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 76900/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 15 ||'''[[Telugu language|Telugu]]''' || 76 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 75900/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 16 ||'''[[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]''' || 76 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 75600/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 17 ||'''[[Korean language|Korean]]''' || 76 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 75500/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 18 ||'''[[French language|French]]''' || 75 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 73800/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 19 ||'''[[Marathi language|Marathi]]''' || 73 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 72900/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 20 ||'''[[Tamil language|Tamil]]''' || 70 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 70/6615*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 21 ||'''[[Urdu]]''' || 66 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 65600/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 22 ||'''[[Turkish language|Turkish]]''' || 63 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 62600/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 23 ||'''[[Italian language|Italian]]''' || 59 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 59400/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 24 ||'''[[Yue Chinese|Yue]]''' (incl. [[Cantonese]]) || 59 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 59200/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 25 ||'''[[Thai language|Thai]]''' || 56 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 56200/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 26 ||'''[[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]''' || 49 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 48900/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 27 ||'''[[Jin Chinese|Jin]]''' || 48 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 47600/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 28 ||'''[[Southern Min]]''' (incl. [[Hokkien language|Hokkien]] and [[Teochew language|Teochew]]) || 47 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 46900/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 29 ||'''[[Persian language|Persian]]''' || 45 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 45300/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 30 ||'''[[Polish language|Polish]]''' || 40 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 40200/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 31 ||'''[[Pashto language|Pashto]]''' || 39 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 38600/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 32 ||'''[[Kannada language|Kannada]]''' || 38 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 38100/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 33 ||'''[[Xiang Chinese|Xiang]]''' (Hunnanese) || 38 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 38100/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 34 ||'''[[Malayalam language|Malayalam]]''' || 38 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 37700/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 35 ||'''[[Sundanese language|Sundanese]]''' || 38 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 37500/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 36 ||'''[[Hausa language|Hausa]]''' || 34 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 34500/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 37 ||'''[[Odia language|Odia]]''' (Oriya) || 33 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 33400/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 38 ||'''[[Burmese language|Burmese]]''' || 33 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 33200/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 39 ||'''[[Hakka Chinese|Hakka]]''' || 31 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 30600/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 40 ||'''[[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]''' || 30 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 30400/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 41 ||'''[[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]]''' || 29{{efn|name=Hindi|This is only a fraction of total speakers; others are counted under "Hindi" as they regard their language a Hindi dialect.}} || {{rnd|{{#expr: 28700/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 42 ||'''[[Tagalog language|Tagalog]]''' || 28 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 27500/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 43 ||'''[[Yoruba language|Yoruba]]''' || 28 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 27500/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 44 ||'''[[Maithili language|Maithili]]''' || 27{{efn|name=Hindi}} || {{rnd|{{#expr: 26800/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 45 ||'''[[Uzbek language|Uzbek]]''' || 26 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 25600/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 46 ||'''[[Sindhi language|Sindhi]]''' || 26 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 25500/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 47 ||'''[[Amharic language|Amharic]]''' || 25 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 24800/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 48 ||'''[[Fula language|Fula]]''' || 24 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 24500/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 49 ||'''[[Romanian language|Romanian]]''' || 24 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 24500/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 50 ||'''[[Oromo language|Oromo]]''' || 24 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 24100/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 51 ||'''[[Igbo language|Igbo]]''' || 24 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 24/6615*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 52 ||'''[[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]]''' || 23 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 22700/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 53 ||'''[[Awadhi]]''' || 22{{efn|name=Hindi}} || {{rnd|{{#expr: 22/6615*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 54 ||'''[[Gan Chinese]]''' || 22 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 21800/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 55 ||'''[[Cebuano language|Cebuano]]''' (Visayan) || 21 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 21100/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 56 ||'''[[Dutch language|Dutch]]''' || 21 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 20900/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 57 ||'''[[Kurdish language|Kurdish]]''' || 21 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 20600/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 58 ||'''[[Serbo-Croatian]]''' || 19 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 18800/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 59 ||'''[[Malagasy language|Malagasy]]''' || 18 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 18400/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 60 ||'''[[Saraiki language|Saraiki]]''' || 17{{efn|Numbers may also be counted in Punjabi above}} || {{rnd|{{#expr: 17200/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 61 ||'''[[Nepali language|Nepali]]''' || 17 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 16800/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 62 ||'''[[Sinhalese language|Sinhalese]]''' || 16 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 16500/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 63 ||'''[[Chittagonian language|Chittagonian]]''' || 16 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 15900/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 64 ||'''[[Zhuang languages|Zhuang]]''' || 16 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 15900/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 65 ||'''[[Khmer language|Khmer]]''' || 16 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 15800/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 66 ||'''[[Turkmen language|Turkmen]]''' || 16 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 15800/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 67 ||'''[[Assamese language|Assamese]]''' || 15 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 15400/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 68 ||'''[[Madurese language|Madurese]]''' || 15 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 15/6615*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 69 ||'''[[Somali language|Somali]]''' || 15 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 14700/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 70 ||'''[[Marwari language|Marwari]]''' || 14{{efn|name=Hindi}} || {{rnd|{{#expr: 14100/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 71 ||'''[[Magahi language|Magahi]]''' || 14{{efn|name=Hindi}} || {{rnd|{{#expr: 13900/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 72 ||'''[[Haryanvi language|Haryanvi]]''' || 14{{efn|name=Hindi}} || {{rnd|{{#expr: 13800/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 73 ||'''[[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]''' || 13 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 12700/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 74 ||'''[[Chhattisgarhi language|Chhattisgarhi]]''' || 12{{efn|name=Hindi}} || {{rnd|{{#expr: 12300/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 75 ||'''[[Greek language|Greek]]''' || 12 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 11900/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 76 ||'''[[Chewa language|Chewa]]''' || 12 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 11500/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 77 ||'''[[Deccan language|Deccan]]''' || 11 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 11400/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 78 ||'''[[Akan language|Akan]]''' || 11 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 11/6615*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 79 ||'''[[Kazakh language|Kazakh]]''' || 11 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 11/6615*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 80 ||'''[[Northern Min]]'''{{disputed inline|Northern Min|date=January 2017|reason=double-counts the speakers of Eastern Min (#87) – error from Ethnologue 14th ed., copied by Nationalencyklopedin}} || 10.9 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 10900/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 81 ||'''[[Sylheti language|Sylheti]]''' || 10.7 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 10700/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 82 ||'''[[Zulu language|Zulu]]''' || 10.4 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 10400/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 83 ||'''[[Czech language|Czech]]''' || 10.0 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 10/6615*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 84 ||'''[[Kinyarwanda]]''' || 9.8 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 9800/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 85 ||'''[[Dhundari language|Dhundhari]]''' || 9.6{{efn|name=Hindi}} || {{rnd|{{#expr: 9600/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 86 ||'''[[Haitian Creole]]''' || 9.6 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 9600/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 87 ||'''[[Eastern Min]]''' (inc. [[Fuzhounese]]) || 9.5 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 9500/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 88 ||'''[[Ilocano language|Ilocano]]''' || 9.1 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 9100/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 89 ||'''[[Quechua languages|Quechua]]''' || 8.9 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 8900/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 90 ||'''[[Kirundi]]''' || 8.8 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 8800/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 91 ||'''[[Swedish language|Swedish]]''' || 8.7 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 8700/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 92 ||'''[[Hmong language|Hmong]]''' || 8.4 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 8400/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 93 ||'''[[Shona language|Shona]]''' || 8.3 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 8300/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 94 ||'''[[Uyghur language|Uyghur]]''' || 8.2 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 8200/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 95 ||'''[[Hiligaynon language|Hiligaynon/Ilonggo]]''' (Visayan) || 8.2 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 8200/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 96 ||'''[[Mossi language|Mossi]]''' || 7.6 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 7600/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 97 ||'''[[Xhosa language|Xhosa]]''' || 7.6 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 7600/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 98 ||'''[[Belarusian language|Belarusian]]''' || 7.6{{efn|Only half this many use Belarusian as their home language.}} || {{rnd|{{#expr: 7600/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 99 ||'''[[Balochi language|Balochi]]''' || 7.6 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 7600/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
| 100 ||'''[[Konkani language|Konkani]]''' || 7.4 || {{rnd|{{#expr: 7400/6615000*100}}|2}}%
|-
! Total
| || '''5,610''' || '''{{rnd|{{#expr:5612.6/6615*100}}|0}}%'''
|}
==Charts and graphs==
<gallery heights=200px widths=300px>
Image:List of languages by number of native speakers.png|Bubble chart of languages by proportion of native speakers worldwide<ref name="Nationalencyklopedin">Mikael Parkvall, "Världens 100 största språk 2007" (The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007), in ''[[Nationalencyklopedin]]''. Asterisks mark the [http://www.ne.se/spr%C3%A5k/v%C3%A4rldens-100-st%C3%B6rsta-spr%C3%A5k-2010 2010 estimates] for the top dozen languages.</ref></gallery>
== Notas ==
{{listaref}}
== Véxase tamén ==
=== Ligazóns externas ===
* [http://www.ethnologue.org/ethno_docs/distribution.asp?by=size Lista de linguas de [[Ethnologue]] por número de falantes]
* [http://encarta.msn.com/media_701500404/Languages_Spoken_by_More_Than_10_Million_People.html Languages Spoken by More Than 10 Million People] ([http://www.webcitation.org/query?id=1257013011437361 Archived] 2009-10-31) – [[Encarta]] list, based on data from [[Ethnologue]], but some figures (e.g. for Arabic) widely vary from it
* [http://www.goethe-verlag.com/book2/index.htm Map of World Languages. Download of MP3 audio files in 1600 language combinations.]
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[[Categoría:Listas de lingüística]]
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