Wikipedia:Política de protección: Diferenzas entre revisións
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<!-- {{PolíticasGalipedia|WP:PP|WP:PROTECCIÓN|votación=Wikipedia:Votacións/Wikipedia:Política de protección|comezo=01/06/2012|fin=30/06/2012}} -->
{{PropostasPolíticasGalipedia}}
{{Resumo|Os administradores poden protexer as páxinas da Wikipedia para evitar vandalismos nas mesmas.}}
<!-- A '''protección''' de páxinas na [[Wikipedia]] significa a restrición ao acceso ao modo de edición a un grupo determinado de usuarios.
The most commonly encountered types of protection are '''full protection''', which means that a page can be modified only by administrators, and '''semi-protection''', which means that a page can be modified only by users who are [[WP:Logging in|logged in]] and whose accounts have been [[WP:Autoconfirmed|confirmed]] (any account is automatically confirmed if it is at least 4 days old and has made at least 10 edits). Other forms of protection are detailed below. Protected pages are normally marked with a small padlock symbol in the top corner; different color padlocks represent different protection types, as shown in the images at the right. {{tlx|Protexido}} is usually placed on protected pages to display the padlock. -->
==
<!-- The following technical options are available to administrators for protecting pages:
*'''Full protection''' prevents editing by everyone except [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrators]]. Fully protected media files cannot be overwritten by new uploads.
*'''Semi-protection''' prevents editing by unregistered contributors and contributors with accounts that are not [[Wikipedia:User access levels#Autoconfirmed users|confirmed]].
*'''Creation protection''' prevents a page (normally a previously [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deleted]] one) from being recreated (also known as "[[Salting the earth|salting]]").
*'''Move protection''' protects the page solely from [[Help:Moving a page|moving (renaming)]].
*'''Upload protection''' prevents new versions of a file from being [[Help:upload|uploaded]] except by [[Wikipedia:administrators|administrators]], but it does not prevent editing the file's description page.
Any type of protection (with the exception of [[#Cascading protection|cascading protection]]) may be requested at [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection]]. Changes to a fully protected page should be proposed on the corresponding [[WP:Talk page|talk page]] ou en [[Wikipedia:Taboleiro dos administradores/Bloqueos e proteccións]], and carried out by an administrator if they are uncontroversial or if there is [[Wikipedia:Consensus|consensus]] for them.
Except in the case of [[Wikipedia:Office actions|office actions]] (see [[#Office actions|below]]), [[Wikipedia:AC|Arbitration Committee]] remedies, or pages in the MediaWiki namespace (see below), administrators may unprotect a page if the reason for its protection no longer applies, a reasonable period has elapsed, and there is no consensus that continued protection is necessary. Editors desiring the unprotection of a page should, in the first instance, ask the administrator who applied the protection unless the administrator is inactive or no longer an administrator; thereafter, requests may be made at [[WP:RFUP|Requests for unprotection]]. Note that such requests will normally be declined if the protecting administrator is active and was not consulted first. A log of protections and unprotections is available at [[Special:Log/protect]]. -->
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0 auto .3em;width:100%;text-align:center"
|+ Os usuarios da Wikipedia e a protección e edición de páxinas
|-
|
!scope="col" width="28%"| Anónimos e usuarios novos
!scope="col" width="28%"| [[Wikipedia:Usuarios autoconfirmados|Usuarios autoconfirmados]] e confirmados
!scope="col" width="28%"| [[Wikipedia:Administradores|Administradores]]
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:left"| Sen protección
|colspan="3" style="background:#ddffdd"| poden editar
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:left"| [[#Semiprotección|Semiprotección]]
|style="background:#ffbbbb"| ''non poden editar''
|colspan="2" style="background:#ddffdd"| poden editar
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:left"| [[#Protección completa|Protección completa]]
|colspan="2" style="background:#ffbbbb"| ''non poden editar''
|style="background:#ddffdd"| poden editar
|}
==Tipos de protección e aplicacións==
===<span id="COMPLETA">Protección completa</span>===
[[
<!-- Só os administradores poden editar as páxinas completamente protexidas. A protección pode ser por un período de tempo especificado ou indefinido. A lapela que habitualmente leva ao modo de edición queda substituída por outra co texto "Ver o código fonte", que permite aos usuarios ver e copiar o texto da páxina. Aos administradores si lles aparece a lapela "Editar", pero verán a caixa de edición cun fondo vermello e un [[MediaWiki:Protectedpagewarning|aviso]] como advertencias.
A protección completa non significa que o administrador estea de acordo cos contidos que haxa nese momento no artigo. As modificacións relevantes feitas nas páxinas con protección completa deben discutirse na [[Wikipedia:Páxina de conversa|páxina de conversa]] correspondente. Unha vez acadado o [[Wikipedia:Consenso|consenso]], un administrador procederá a realizar o cambio na páxina protexida.
Modifications to a fully protected page can be proposed on its [[Wikipedia:Talk page|talk page]] (or at another appropriate forum) for discussion. Administrators can make changes to the protected article reflecting [[Wikipedia:Consensus|consensus]]. Placing the {{tl|Protexido}} co parámetro {{para|tipo|semi}} template on the talk page will draw the attention of administrators for implementing uncontroversial changes. -->
==== Disputas de contido ====
<!-- On pages that are experiencing [[Wikipedia:Edit war|edit warring]], temporary full protection can force the parties to discuss their edits on the talk page, where they can reach [[Wikipedia:Consensus|consensus]]. Isolated incidents of edit warring, and persistent edit warring by particular users, may be better addressed by [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocking]], so as not to prevent normal editing of the page by others.
When protecting a page because of a content dispute, administrators normally protect the current version, except where the current version contains content that clearly violates content policies, such as [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]], [[Wikipedia:Copyright violations|copyright violations]], or [[Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons|defamation of living persons]]. Since protecting the most current version sometimes rewards edit warring by establishing a contentious revision, administrators may also revert to an old version of the page predating the edit war if such a clear point exists. Pages that are protected because of content disputes should not be edited except to make changes which are uncontroversial or for which there is clear [[Wikipedia:Consensus|consensus]] (see above).
Administrators [[WP:UNINVOLVED|should not]] protect or unprotect a page to further their own positions in content disputes. -->
==== Vandalismo ====
<!-- Applying page protection in a pre-emptive measure is contrary to the open nature of Wikipedia and is generally not allowed if applied for these reasons. However, brief periods of an appropriate and reasonable protection level are allowed in situations where blatant vandalism or disruption is occurring and at a level of frequency that requires its use in order to stop it. The duration of the protection should be set as short as possible, and the protection level should be set to the lowest restriction needed in order to stop the disruption while still allowing productive editors to make changes. -->
==== Revisión de historial ====
<!-- If a deleted page is going through [[Wikipedia:Deletion review|deletion review]], only administrators are normally capable of viewing the former content of the page. If they feel it would benefit the discussion to allow other users to view the page content, administrators may [[Wikipedia:Restore|restore]] the page, blank it or replace the contents with {{tlx|TempUndelete}} or a similar notice, and fully protect the page to prevent further editing. The previous contents of the page are then accessible to everyone via the [[Help:Page history|page history]]. -->
==== Nomes xenéricos de ficheiros ====
<!-- Generic image names such as [[:File:map.jpg]] or [[:File:Photo.jpg]] are fully protected to prevent new versions being uploaded. -->
====<span id="PERMANENTE">Protección permanente</span>====
<!-- Some areas of Wikipedia are permanently protected by the [[MediaWiki]] software. The [[Help:MediaWiki namespace|MediaWiki namespace]], which defines parts of the site interface, is fully protected; it is impossible for administrators to remove this protection. User CSS and JavaScript pages, such as [[User:Example/monobook.css]] and [[User:Example/cologneblue.js]], are automatically fully protected. Only accounts that are associated with these pages or administrators are able to edit them. This protection applies to any user subpage created with a ".css" or ".js" extension, whether an equivalent MediaWiki skin exists or not. Administrators may modify these pages, for example, to remove a user script that has been used in an inappropriate way.
In addition to hard-coded protection, the following are usually permanently protected:
* Pages that are very visible, such as the [[Main Page]] or [[:File:Wiki.png]].
* Pages that should not be modified for copyright or legal reasons, such as the [[Wikipedia:General disclaimer|general disclaimer]] or the [[Wikipedia:Text of Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License|local copy of the site copyright license]].
* Pages that are very frequently [[Wikipedia:Transclusion|transcluded]], such as {{tlx|tl}} or {{tlx|ambox}}, to prevent [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]] or [[Denial-of-service attack|denial of service]] attacks. This includes images or templates used in other highly visible or frequently transcluded pages. See [[Wikipedia:High-risk templates]] for more information. -->
===<span id="SEMI">Semiprotección</span>===
[[
<!-- A semiprotección impide a edición por parte de usuarios anónimos (enderezos IP), así como contas recentemente creadas que non chegaron ao [[Wikipedia:Usuarios autoconfirmados|nivel de autoconfirmación]]. Este tipo de protección é a máis habitual en artigos, sobre todo aqueles que son obxecto de [[Wikipedia:Vandalismo|vandalismos]] recorrentes e persistentes ou por mor de violacións de políticas de contido como [[Wikipedia:Biografías de persoas vivas|biografías de persoas vivas]] ou [[Wikipedia:Punto de vista neutral|punto de vista neutral]]. Tamén entran nesta saca aquelas páxinas que sufran [[Wikipedia:Guerra de edicións|guerras de edicións]], xa sexa por seren acerca de temas que crean controversia ou que estean de actualidade, por exemplo.
Cómpre lembrar que a semiprotección non se debe empregar como medida contra vandalismo que aínda non ocorreu. Ademais, unha páxina e a súa conversa asociada nunca poden estar protexidas á vez. -->
==== Indicacións para administradores ====
<!-- Administrators may apply ''indefinite'' semi-protection to pages that are subject to heavy and persistent [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]] or violations of [[:Category:Wikipedia content policies|content policy]] (such as [[Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons|biographies of living persons]], [[Wikipedia:Neutral point of view|neutral point of view]]). Semi-protection should ''not'' be used as a preemptive measure against vandalism that has not yet occurred, nor should it be used to privilege registered users over unregistered users in (valid) content disputes.
In addition, administrators may apply ''temporary'' semi-protection on pages that are:
* Subject to significant but temporary vandalism or disruption (for example, due to [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia in the media|media attention]]) when [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocking]] individual users is not a feasible option
* Subject to [[WP:EW|edit-warring]] where ''all'' parties involved are unregistered or new editors (i.e. in cases in which full protection would otherwise be applied). This does ''not'' apply when autoconfirmed users are involved.
* Subject to [[WP:VANDAL|vandalism]] or [[WP:EW|edit-warring]] where unregistered editors are engaging in [[IP address#Dynamic IP|IP hopping]] by using different computers, obtaining new addresses by using [[dynamic IP]] allocation, or other address-changing schemes such as [[IP address spoofing]]
* Article discussion pages, when they have been subject to persistent disruption. Such protection should be used sparingly because it prevents unregistered and newly registered users from participating in discussions. A page and its talk page should not normally be protected at the same time. If a page and its talk page are both protected, the talk page should direct affected editors to [[WP:RFED|Wikipedia:Request for edit]], to ensure that no editor is entirely prevented from contributing.
* Protection should be used sparingly on the talk pages of blocked users, including IP addresses. Instead the user should be reblocked with talk page editing disallowed. When required, or when reblocking without talk page editing allowed is unsuccessful, protection should be implemented for only a brief period, and not exceeding the duration of the block. -->
===<span id="CREACIÓN">Protección fronte á creación</span>===
[[
<!-- Administrators can prevent the creation of a page through the protection interface. This is useful for bad articles that have been [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deleted]] but repeatedly recreated. Such protection is case-sensitive. There are several levels of creation protection that can be applied to pages, identical to the levels for edit protection. A list of protected titles may be found at [[Special:Protectedtitles]] (see also [[WP:Protected titles/Historical|historical lists]]).
Pre-emptive restrictions on new article titles are instituted through the [[MediaWiki:Titleblacklist|title blacklist]] system, which allows for more flexible protection with support for [[substring]]s and [[regular expression]]s.
Pages that have been creation-protected are sometimes referred to as "[[salting the earth|salted]]". Contributors wishing to re-create a salted title with more appropriate content should either contact an [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrator]] (preferably the protecting administrator), file a request at [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection]], or use the [[Wikipedia:Deletion review|deletion review]] process. In any case, it is generally preferable to have prepared a [[WP:Drafts|draft version]] of the intended article prior to filing a request. -->
===<span id="TRASLADO">Protección fronte ao traslado</span>===
[[
<!--
Move protected pages, or more technically, fully move-protected pages, cannot be moved to a new title except by an administrator. Move protection is commonly applied to:
* Pages subject to persistent page-move [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]].
* Pages subject to a page-name dispute.
* Highly visible pages that have no reason to be moved, such as the [[Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard|Administrators' noticeboard]] and articles selected as "[[Wikipedia:Today's featured article|Today's featured article]]" on the main page.
Fully edit-protected pages are also implicitly move-protected.
As with full edit protection, protection because of edit warring should not be considered an endorsement of the current name. When move protection is applied during a requested move discussion, the page should be protected at the location it was at when the move request was started.
All [[WP:FILE|files]] are implicitly move-protected; only [[WP:File mover|file movers]] and administrators can move files. !!!REVISAR!!! -->
===<span id="
[[
<!-- Upload protected files, or more technically, fully upload-protected files, cannot be replaced with new versions except by an administrator. Upload protection does not protect file pages from editing. Upload protection may be applied by an administrator to:
* Files subject to persistent upload [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]].
* Files subject to a dispute between editors.
* Files that should not be replaced, such as images used in the interface or transcluded to the main page.
* Files with common or generic names.
As with full edit protection, administrators should avoid favoring one file version over another, and protection should not be considered an endorsement of the current file version. An obvious exception to this rule is when files are protected due to upload vandalism. -->
===<span id="EN SERIE">Protección en serie</span>===
<!-- Cascading protection fully protects a page, and extends that full protection ''automatically'' to any page that is [[Wikipedia:Transclusion|transcluded]] onto the protected page, whether directly or indirectly. This includes templates, images and other media that are hosted on the English Wikipedia. Files stored on Commons are ''not'' protected by any other wiki's cascading protection and must be temporarily uploaded to the English Wikipedia or protected at Commons, either manually or through cascading protection there. When operational, [[c:User:KrinkleBot|KrinkleBot]] cascade-protects Commons files transcluded at [[Wikipedia:Main Page/Tomorrow]], [[Wikipedia:Main Page/Commons media protection]] and [[Main Page]]. As the bot's response time varies, media should ''not'' be transcluded on the main page (or its constituent templates) until after it has been protected. (This is particularly relevant to [[Template:In the news]], for which upcoming images are not queued at [[Wikipedia:Main Page/Tomorrow]].) Cascading protection:
*Should be used only to prevent [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]] when placed on particularly visible pages, such as the main page.
*Is available only for fully protected pages; it is disabled for semi-protected pages as it represents a security flaw. See [[Bugzilla:8796]] for more information.
*Is not instantaneous; it may be several hours before it takes effect. See [[Bugzilla:18483]] for more information.
*Should generally not be applied directly to templates or [[WP:LUA|modules]], as it will not protect transclusions inside {{tag|includeonly|o}} tags or transclusions that depend on template parameters, but ''will'' protect the [[Wikipedia:Template documentation|documentation subpage]]. See [[#Protection of templates|the "Protection of templates" section]] below for alternatives. -->
== <span id="CONVERSA">Protección de páxinas de conversa</span> ==
<!-- Modifications to a protected page can be proposed on its [[Wikipedia:Talk page|talk page]] (or at another appropriate forum) for discussion. Administrators can make changes to the protected article reflecting [[Wikipedia:Consensus|consensus]]. Placing the {{tlx|Edit protected}} template on the talk page will draw the attention of administrators for implementing uncontroversial changes.
Talk pages are not usually protected, and are only semi-protected for a limited duration in the most severe cases of vandalism. -->
=== Páxinas de conversa de usuario ===
<!-- User talk pages are rarely protected, and are semi-protected for short durations only in the most severe cases of vandalism from IP users. Users whose talk pages are semi-protected should have an unprotected user talk subpage linked conspicuously from their main talk page to allow good faith comments from non-autoconfirmed users.
A user's request to have his or her own talk page protected is not a sufficient rationale to protect the page. -->
====Usuarios bloqueados====
<!-- Blocked users' user talk pages should not ordinarily be protected, as this interferes with the user's ability to contest their block through the normal process. It also prevents others from being able to use the talk page to communicate with the blocked editor.
Confirmed socks of registered users should be dealt with in accordance with [[Wikipedia:Sockpuppetry]]; their pages are not normally protected. -->
== Protección de páxinas de usuario ==
<!-- [[Wikipedia:User page|User pages]] and subpages can be protected upon a simple request from the user, as long as a need exists—pages in userspace should not be automatically or pre-emptively protected. Requests for protection specifically at uncommon levels may be granted if the user has expressed a genuine and realistic need. -->
===Usuarios finados===
<!-- In the event of the confirmed death of a user, the user's user page (but not the user talk page) should be fully protected. -->
== Protección de modelos e módulos ==
<!-- Highly visible templates, which are used on an extremely large number of pages or substituted with great frequency, are often semi- or template-protected based on the degree of visibility, type of use, content, etc.
Protected templates should normally have the {{tl|documentation}} template. It loads the unprotected <tt>/doc</tt> page, so that non-admins and IP-users can edit the documentation, categories and interwiki links. It also automatically adds {{tl|pp-template}} to protected templates, which displays a small padlock in the top right corner and categorizes the template as protected. Only manually add {{tlf|pp-template}} to protected templates that don't use {{tlf|documentation}} (mostly the flag templates).
Cascading protection should generally not be applied directly to templates, as it will not protect transclusions inside {{tag|includeonly|o}} tags or transclusions that depend on template parameters, but ''will'' protect the template's [[Wikipedia:Template documentation|documentation subpage]]. Instead, consider any of the following:
* If the set of subtemplates is static (even if large), protect them using normal protection mechanisms.
* If the set of subtemplates is unbounded, use [[MediaWiki:Titleblacklist]] to protect all subtemplates using a particular naming format. -->
==
* [[MediaWiki:Protectedpagetext]]
* [[Especial:Páxinas protexidas]]
* [[Especial:Títulos protexidos]]
<!-- {{NavPolíticas}}
[[Categoría:Wikipedia:Políticas e normas]] -->
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