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== Sistemática e evolución ==
TheA familyfamilia Rallidae wasfoi introducedcreada ( asco nome Rallia) bypolo theerudito French [[polymath]]francés [[Constantine Samuel Rafinesque]] inen 1815.<ref>{{ cite book | last=Rafinesque | first=Constantine Samuel | author-link=Constantine Samuel Rafinesque | year=1815 | title=Analyse de la nature ou, Tableau de l'univers et des corps organisés | publisher=Self-published | place=Palermo | language=French | page=70 | url=http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48310148 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last=Bock | first=Walter J. | year=1994 | title=History and Nomenclature of Avian Family-Group Names | series=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History | volume= Number 222 | publisher=American Museum of Natural History | place=New York | pages=136, 252 | url=http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/830 }}</ref> ▼A familia foi tradicionalmente agrupada con dous familias de aves grandes, as [[grúidos|grúas]] e as [[avetarda]]s, e varias familias menores de aves anfibias de mediano tamaño normalmente "primitivas", formando entre todas a orde [[Gruiformes]]. A [[taxonomía de Sibley-Ahlquist]] alternativa, eleva a familia á categoría de orde, co nme '''Ralliformes'''. Dada o insegura que é a monofilia dos gruiformes, isto pode ser correcto ou non. Por outra parte, ese grupo incluiría probablemente temén aos [[Heliornithidae]], un grupo exclusivamente tropical que presenta certa [[evolución converxente]] cos [[Podicipediformes]], e xeralmente xúntase cos rálidos no taxon Ralli.
▲The family Rallidae was introduced (as Rallia) by the French [[polymath]] [[Constantine Samuel Rafinesque]] in 1815.<ref>{{ cite book | last=Rafinesque | first=Constantine Samuel | author-link=Constantine Samuel Rafinesque | year=1815 | title=Analyse de la nature ou, Tableau de l'univers et des corps organisés | publisher=Self-published | place=Palermo | language=French | page=70 | url=http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48310148 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last=Bock | first=Walter J. | year=1994 | title=History and Nomenclature of Avian Family-Group Names | series=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History | volume= Number 222 | publisher=American Museum of Natural History | place=New York | pages=136, 252 | url=http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/830 }}</ref>
The family has traditionally been grouped with two families of larger birds, the [[crane (bird)|crane]]s and [[bustard]]s, as well as several smaller families of usually "primitive" mid-sized amphibious birds, to make up the order [[Gruiformes]]. The alternative [[Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy]], which has been widely accepted in America, raises the family to ordinal level as the '''Ralliformes'''. Given uncertainty about gruiform [[Clade|monophyly]], this may or may not be correct; it certainly seems more justified than most of the Sibley-Ahlquist proposals. On the other hand, such a group would probably also include the [[Heliornithidae]] (finfoots and sungrebes), an exclusively [[Tropics|tropical]] group that is somewhat [[convergent evolution|convergent]] with [[grebe]]s, and usually united with the rails in the Ralli.
===Extant (living)Xéneros vivos genera===
[[FileFicheiro:Red-Legged Crake.jpg|thumbminiatura|rightdereita|''[[Red-leggedRallina crakefasciata]], ''Rallina fasciata'']]
[[FileFicheiro:Rallus aquaticus 1 (Marek Szczepanek).jpg|thumbminiatura|rightdereita|''[[WaterRallus railaquaticus]], ''Rallus aquaticus'']]
[[FileFicheiro:Porzana porzana 5 (Marek Szczepanek).jpg|thumbminiatura|rightdereita|Immature ''[[spottedPorzana crakeporzana]] (''Porzana porzana'')inmadura]]
* ''Himantornis'' – [[Nkulengu rail]]
* ''[[Canirallus]]'' (3 speciesespecies)
* ''[[Coturnicops]]'' (3 speciesespecies)
* ''Micropygia'' – [[ocellated crake]]
* ''[[Rallina]]'' – forest rails (8 speciesespecies)
* ''[[Anurolimnas]]'' (3 speciesespecies)
* ''Atlantisia'' – [[Inaccessible Island rail]]
* ''[[Laterallus]]'' (10 speciesespecies)
* ''[[Nesoclopeus]]'' (1 livingespecie speciesviva, 1 recentlyespecie extinctrecentemente extinta)
* ''[[Gallirallus]]'' – Austropacific rails (includinginclúe ''Tricholimnas'';, 11–12 livingespecies speciesvivas, 3–5 recentlyextintas extinctrecentemente)
* ''[[Rallus]]'' – typical rails (someunhas 9 livingespecies speciesvivas)
* ''[[Lewinia]]'' (3 speciesespecies; sometimesás inveces en ''Rallus'')
* ''[[Dryolimnas]]'' (1 livingespecie speciesviva, 1 recentlyextinta extinctrecentemente)
* ''Crecopsis'' –(ás [[African crake]] (sometimesveces inen ''Crex'')
* ''Crex'' – [[corn crake]]
* ''Rougetius'' – [[Rouget's rail]]
* ''Aramidopsis'' – [[snoring rail]]
* ''[[Aramides]]'' – wood rails (8–9 livingespecies speciesvivas, possiblyposiblemente 1 recentlyextinta extinctrecentemente)
* ''Amaurolimnas'' – [[uniform crake]]
* ''[[Gymnocrex]]'' (3 speciesespecies)
* ''[[Amaurornis]]'' – bush-hens (9 speciesespecies)
* ''[[Porzana]]'' – typical crakes (13 livingespecies speciesvivas, 4–5 recentlyextintas extinctrecentemente)
* ''Aenigmatolimnas'' – [[striped crake]]
* ''Cyanolimnas'' – [[Zapata rail]]
* ''[[Mustelirallus]]'' (3 speciesespecies)
* ''[[Pardirallus]]'' (3 speciesespecies)
* ''Eulabeornis'' – [[chestnut rail]]
* ''Habroptila'' – [[invisible rail]]
* ''Megacrex'' – [[New Guinea flightless rail]]
* ''Gallicrex'' – [[watercock]]
* ''[[Porphyrio]]'' – swamphens and purple gallinules (including inclúe''Notornis'' ande ''Porphyrula''; 6 livingespecies speciesvivas, 2–5 recentlyextintas extinctrecentemente)
* ''[[Moorhen|Gallinula]]'' – typical gallinules (includinginclúe ''Edithornis'' ande ''Pareudiastes''; 7–9 livingespecies speciesvivas, 1–3 recentlyextinta extinctrecentemente)
* ''Porphyriops'' – [[spot-flanked gallinule]]
* ''[[Tribonyx]]'' – nativehens; (2 livingespecies speciesvivas)
* ''[[Fulica]]'' – coots (c.unhas 10 livingespecies speciesvivas, 1 recentlyextinta extinctrecentemente)
Adicionalmente, hai moitos rálidos prehistóricos pertencentes a xéneros actuais, coñecidos só por restos [[fósil]]es ou subfósiles, como o rálido de Ibiza ''[[Rallus eivissensis]]''. Estes non figuran nesta lista.
Additionally, there are many prehistoric rails of extant genera, known only from [[fossil]] or subfossil remains, such as the [[Ibiza rail]] (''Rallus eivissensis''). These have not been listed here; see the genus accounts and the articles on [[Fossil birds#Gruiformes|fossil]] and [[Late Quaternary prehistoric birds#Gruiformes|Late Quaternary prehistoric birds]] for these species.
[[FileFicheiro:Aphanapteryx bonasia.JPG|thumbminiatura|rightdereita|Debuxo de [[Pieter van den Broecke]]'s de 1617 drawingdo ofrálido thede [[red rail]] of [[MauritiusMauricio]], ''[[Aphanapteryx bonasia]]'']]
===Phylogeny Filoxenia ===
Rallidae based on the work by John Boyd.<ref name="Boyd">{{cite web|last=Boyd|first=John|year=2007|title=''GRUAE I- Opisthocomiformes & Gruiformes'' |url=http://jboyd.net/Taxo/List7.html#gruiformes |accessdate= 30 December 2015}}</ref>
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