Rálidos: Diferenzas entre revisións

Contido eliminado Contido engadido
Miguelferig (conversa | contribucións)
Miguelferig (conversa | contribucións)
Liña 45:
 
== Comportamento e ecoloxía ==
<!--
In general, members of Rallidae are omnivorous generalists. Many species eat [[invertebrate]]s, as well as fruit or seedlings. A few species are primarily [[Herbivore|herbivorous]].<ref name=h&r2003-206-7 /> The [[bird song|calls]] of Rallidae species vary and are often quite loud. Some are whistle-like or squeak-like, while others seem un-birdlike.<ref name="Perrins p207">Horsfall & Robinson (2003): p.207</ref> Loud calls are useful in dense vegetation, or at night where it is difficult to see another member of the species. Some calls are [[Territory (animal)|territorial]].<ref name=h&r2003-208 />
 
En xeral os rálidos son xeralistas omnívoros. Moitas especies comen [[invertebrado]]s, e tamén froitas e brotes. Unhas poucas especies son principalmente herbívoras.<ref name=h&r2003-206-7 /> As chamadas que emiten os rálidos varían en adoitan ser bastante altas. Algunhas son como asubíos ou chíos, mentres que outras non parecen de aves.<ref name="Perrins p207">Horsfall & Robinson (2003): p.207</ref> As chamadas altas son últiles en zonas de vexetación alta ou pola noite cando é difícil ver aos outros membros da especie. Algunhas chamadas son territoriais.<ref name=h&r2003-208 />
The most typical family members occupy dense [[vegetation]] in damp environments near [[lake]]s, [[swamp]]s, or [[river]]s. [[Reed bed]]s are a particularly favoured habitat. They are [[omnivore|omnivorous]], and those that [[bird migration|migrate]] do so at night.
 
Os membros máis típicos da familia ocupan zonas de densa vexetación en ambientes húmidos preto de [[lago]]s, [[pantano]]s ou [[río]]s. As [[xunqueira]]s son zonas especialmente favorables. As especies que migran fano de noite.
Most [[bird nest|nest]] in dense vegetation. In general, they are shy, secretive, and difficult to observe. Most species walk and run vigorously on strong legs, and have long toes that are well adapted to soft, uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and although they are generally weak [[Bird flight|fliers]], they are, nevertheless, capable of covering long distances. Island species often become [[Flightless bird|flightless]], and many of them are now [[Extinction|extinct]] following the introduction of terrestrial [[Predation|predators]] such as [[cat]]s, [[rat]]s and [[pig]]s.
 
A maioría aniñan en vexetación densa. En xeral son tímidos, silenciosos e difíciles de observar. A maioría das especies camiñan ou corren vigorosamente coas súas fortes patas e teñen longas dedas que están ben adaptadas a pisar sobre superficies moles e irregulares. Adoitan ter ás curtas e arredondadas e aínda que xeralmente teñen un voo débil, poden cubrir grandes distancias. As especies de illas son a miúdonon voadoras e moitas delas están agora extinguidas debido á introdución de predadores terrestres, como gatos, ratas e porcos.
Many reedbed species are secretive (apart from loud calls), [[crepuscular]], and have laterally flattened bodies. In the [[Old World]], long-billed species tend to be called '''rails''' and short-billed species '''crakes'''. [[North America]]n species are normally called rails irrespective of bill length. The smallest of these is the [[Swinhoe's rail]], at {{convert|13|cm|in|abbr=on}} and 25&nbsp;grams. The larger species are also sometimes given other names. The black '''coots''' are more adapted to open water than their relatives, and some other large species are called '''gallinules''' and '''swamphens'''. The largest of this group is the [[takahē]], at {{convert|65|cm|in|abbr=on}} and {{convert|2.7|kg|lb|abbr=on}}.
 
Moitas especies que viven en xunqueiras son silenciosas (deixando á parte as chamadas altas que fan ás veces), [[crepuscular]]es e teñen corpos aplanados lateralmente. A especie máis pequena é ''[[Coturnicops exquisitus]]'', de 13 cm de lonxitude e 25&nbsp;gramos. A maior é o [[takahē]] de Nova Zelandia, de 65 cm e 2,7 kg.
The rails have suffered disproportionally from human changes to the environment, and it is estimated{{citation needed|date=August 2012}} that several hundred species of island rail have become extinct because of this. Several island species of rail remain [[endangered species|endangered]], and [[bird conservation|conservation]] organisations and governments continue to work to prevent their extinction.
 
===Reproduction Reprodución ===
<!--
The breeding behaviors of many Rallidae species are poorly understood or unknown. Most are thought to be [[Monogamy|monogamous]], although [[polygyny]] and [[polyandry]] have been reported.<ref name=h&r2003-209-10>Horsfall & Robinson (2003): pp.&nbsp;209–210</ref> Most often, they lay five to ten [[egg (biology)|eggs]]. [[Clutch]]es as small as one or as large as fifteen eggs are known.<ref name=h&r2003-209-10 /> Egg clutches may not always hatch at the same time. Chicks become mobile after a few days. They often depend on their parents until fledging, which happens at around one month.<ref name=h&r2003-210 />