Distribución normal: Diferenzas entre revisións

Contido eliminado Contido engadido
Jglamela (conversa | contribucións)
Jglamela (conversa | contribucións)
Sen resumo de edición
Liña 40:
== Historia ==
 
A distribución normal foi introducida por primeira vez por [[Abraham de Moivre|de Moivre]] nun artigo no [[1733]] (reimpreso na segunda edición do seu ''[[The Doctrine of Chances]]'', [[1738]]) no contexto de aproximar certas [[distribución binomial|distribucións binomiais]] para un ''n'' grande. O seu resultado foi ampliado por [[Pierre Simon Laplace|Laplace]] no seu libro ''[[AnalyticalThéorie Theoryanalytique ofdes Probabilitiesprobabilités]]'' ([[1812]]), e agora chámase [[teorema de Moivre-Laplace]].
 
Laplace usou a distribución normal na análise de erros nos experimentos. O método dos [[mínimos cadrados]] foi introducido por [[Adrien Marie Legendre|Legendre]] en [[1805]]. [[Carl Friedrich Gauss|Gauss]], que reclamaba ter usado o método dende o [[1794]], xustificouno rigorosamente no [[1809]] asumindo unha distribución normal dos erros.
Liña 55:
 
[[Ficheiro:Normal distribution pdf.png|325px|miniatura|Función densidade de probabilidade para catro conxuntos diferentes de parámetros (a liña verde é a normal estándar)]]
 
A [[función de densidade de probabilidade]] da '''distribución normal''' con media <math>\mu</math> e [[varianza]] <math>\sigma^2</math> (equivalentemente, [[desviación estándar]] <math>\sigma</math>) é un exemplo dunha [[función Gaussiana]],
 
Liña 62 ⟶ 61:
=
\frac{1}{\sigma\sqrt{2\pi}} \, \exp \left( -\frac{(x- \mu)^2}{2\sigma^2} \right).</math>
 
(''Véxase tamén [[función exponencial]] e [[Número pi|pi]].'')
 
Se unha [[variable aleatoria]] <math>X</math> ten esta distribución, escribimos
Liña 273 ⟶ 270:
== Véxase tamén ==
=== Bibliografía ===
* John Aldrich. [http://web.archive.org/20000610213020/members.aol.com/jeff570/stat.html Earliest Uses of Symbols in Probability and Statistics]. Electronic document, retrieved [[March 20]], [[2005]]. (''See "Symbols associated with the Normal Distribution".''). Documento electrónico, consultado o 20 de marzo de 2005.
 
* [[Abraham de Moivre]] ([[1738]]). ''The Doctrine of Chances''.
* John Aldrich. [http://web.archive.org/20000610213020/members.aol.com/jeff570/stat.html Earliest Uses of Symbols in Probability and Statistics]. Electronic document, retrieved [[March 20]], [[2005]]. (''See "Symbols associated with the Normal Distribution".'')
* [[AbrahamStephen deJay MoivreGould]] ([[17381981]]). ''[[The DoctrineMismeasure of Chances]]Man''. 1ª edición. W. W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-01489-4.
* [[StephenRichard JayHerrnstein|R. J. Herrnstein]] e [[Charles GouldMurray]] ([[19811994]]). ''[[The MismeasureBell ofCurve: Man]]''.Intelligence Firstand edition.Class W.Structure Win American Life''. Norton[[Free Press]]. ISBN 0-39302-01489914673-49.
* [[Pierre-Simon Laplace]] ([[1812]]). ''[[AnalyticalThéorie Theoryanalytique ofdes Probabilities]]probabilités''.
* [[Richard Herrnstein|R. J. Herrnstein]] and [[Charles Murray]] ([[1994]]). ''[[The Bell Curve]]: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life''. [[Free Press]]. ISBN 0-02-914673-9.
* Jeff Miller et al. [http://web.archive.org/19990117033417/members.aol.com/jeff570/mathword.html Earliest Known Uses of Some of the Words of Mathematics]. InEn particular, theas entriesentradas forpara [http://web.archive.org/19991003084940/members.aol.com/jeff570/n.html "normal" (distribution) bypor John Aldrich], [http://web.archive.org/19990508225359/members.aol.com/jeff570/g.html "Gaussian"], ande [http://web.archive.org/19990508224238/members.aol.com/jeff570/e.html "Error, law of error, theory of errors etc."]. ElectronicDocumentos documentselectrónicos, retrievedconsultados [[Marcho 20]], [[de marzo de 2005]].
* [[Pierre-Simon Laplace]] ([[1812]]). ''[[Analytical Theory of Probabilities]]''.
* S. M. Stigler ([[1999]]). ''Statistics on the Table'', chaptercapítulo 22. Harvard University Press. (''History of the term "normal distribution".'')
* Jeff Miller et al. [http://web.archive.org/19990117033417/members.aol.com/jeff570/mathword.html Earliest Known Uses of Some of the Words of Mathematics]. In particular, the entries for [http://web.archive.org/19991003084940/members.aol.com/jeff570/n.html "normal" (distribution) by John Aldrich], [http://web.archive.org/19990508225359/members.aol.com/jeff570/g.html "Gaussian"], and [http://web.archive.org/19990508224238/members.aol.com/jeff570/e.html "Error, law of error, theory of errors etc."]. Electronic documents, retrieved [[March 20]], [[2005]].
* [[Eric W. Weisstein]] et al. [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/NormalDistribution.html Normal Distribution] aten [[MathWorld]]. ElectronicDocumento documentelectrónico, retrievedconsultado [[Marcho 20]], [[de marzo de 2005]].
* S. M. Stigler ([[1999]]). ''Statistics on the Table'', chapter 22. Harvard University Press. (''History of the term "normal distribution".'')
* Marvin Zelen ande Norman C. Severo ([[1964]]). Probability Functions. ChapterCapítulo 26 ofde ''[[Abramowitz and Stegun|Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables]]'', ed,editado bypor [[Milton Abramowitz]] ande [[Irene A. Stegun]]. [[National Bureau of Standards]].
* [[Eric W. Weisstein]] et al. [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/NormalDistribution.html Normal Distribution] at [[MathWorld]]. Electronic document, retrieved [[March 20]], [[2005]].
* Marvin Zelen and Norman C. Severo ([[1964]]). Probability Functions. Chapter 26 of ''[[Abramowitz and Stegun|Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables]]'', ed, by [[Milton Abramowitz]] and [[Irene A. Stegun]]. [[National Bureau of Standards]].
=== Outros artigos ===
* [[Campá de Gauss]]
* [[Distribución lognormal]]
* [[Función exponencial]]
 
* [[Número pi]]
=== Ligazóns externas ===
 
* [http://www.sixsigmafirst.com/proba.htm basic tools for sixsigma]
* [http://planetmath.org/encyclopedia/NormalRandomVariable.html PlanetMath: normal random variable]