Morte celular programada: Diferenzas entre revisións

 

=== Invertebrados e vertebrados ===

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Learning about PCD in various species is essential in understanding the evolutionary basis and reason for apoptosis in development of the nervous system. During the development of the [[invertebrate]] nervous system, PCD plays different roles in different species. The similarity of the asymmetric cell death mechanism in the [[nematode]] and the [[leech]] indicates that PCD may have an evolutionary significance in the development of the nervous system.<ref name=Sulston>{{cite journal|last=Sulston|first=JE|title=The Caenorhabditis elegans male: postembryonic development of nongonadal structures|journal=Developmental Biology|year=1980|volume=78|pages=542–576|doi=10.1016/0012-1606(80)90352-8}}</ref> In the nematode, PCD occurs in the first hour of development leading to the elimination of 12% of non-gonadal cells including neuronal lineages.<ref name=Sulston1>{{cite journal|last=Sulston2|first=JE|title=The embryonic cell lineage of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans|journal=Developmental Biology|year=1983|volume=100|pages=64–119|doi=10.1016/0012-1606(83)90201-4|pmid=6684600|issue=1}}</ref> Cell death in [[arthropods]] occurs first in the nervous system when [[ectoderm]] cells differentiate and one daughter cell becomes a [[neuroblast]] and the other undergoes apoptosis.<ref name=Doe>{{cite journal|last=Doe|first=Cq|title=Development and segmental differences in the pattern of neuronal precursor cells|journal=Journal of Developmental Biology|year=1985|volume=111|pages=193–205|accessdate=27 February 2014}}</ref> Furthermore, sex targeted cell death leads to different neuronal innervation of specific organs in males and females.<ref name=Giebultowicz>{{cite journal|last=Giebultowicz|first=JM|title=Sexual differentiation in the terminal ganglion of the moth Manduca sexta: role of sex-specific neuronal death|journal=Journal of Comparative Neurology|year=1984|volume=226|pages=87–95|doi=10.1002/cne.902260107}}</ref> In [[Drosophila]], PCD is essential in segmentation and specification during development.