Mouros: Diferenzas entre revisións
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Liña 2:
{{Outroshomónimos|Mouros (homónimos)}}
[[Ficheiro:Castillia.jpg|miniatura|dereita|Embaixadores casteláns tentando convencer ó rei mouro [[Abu Hafs Umar al-Murtada]] a unirse á súa alianza (representación das ''[[Cantigas de Santa María]]'').]]
In 711 the Moors [[Umayyad conquest of Hispania|invaded]] the Iberian Peninsula from [[North Africa]] and called the territory [[Al-Andalus]], which at its peak included most of modern-day [[Spain]], [[Portugal]], and [[Septimania]]. The Moors occupied [[Mazara del Vallo|Mazara]] on Sicily in 827, developing it as a port,<ref>{{cite web |title=Assessment of the status, development and diversification of fisheries-dependent communities: Mazara del Vallo Case study report |url= http://ec.europa.eu/fisheries/documentation/studies/regional_social_economic_impacts/mazara_del_vallo_en.pdf |year= 2010 |publisher= [[European Commission]] |page = 2 |quote = ''In the year 827, Mazara was occupied by the Arabs, who made the city an important commercial harbour. That period was probably the most prosperous in the history of Mazara.'' |accessdate= 28 September 2012}}</ref> and they eventually [[History of Islam in southern Italy|consolidated]] the rest of the island and some of southern Italy. Differences in religion and culture led to a centuries-long conflict with the [[Christendom|Christian kingdoms of Europe]], which tried to reclaim control of Muslim areas; this conflict was referred to as the [[Reconquista]]. In 1224 the Muslims were expelled from Sicily to the [[Muslim settlement of Lucera|settlement of Lucera]], which was destroyed by European Christians in 1300. The [[fall of Granada]] in 1492 marked the end of Muslim rule in Iberia.
Liña 11:
== Véxase tamén ==
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=== Bibliografía ===
* Jan R. Carew. ''Rape of Paradise: Columbus and the birth of racism in America''. Brooklyn, NY: A&B Books, c. 1994.
* David Brion Davis, "Slavery: White, Black, Muslim, Christian." ''New York Review of Books'', vol. 48, #11 July 5, 2001. Do not have exact pages.
* Herodotus, ''The Histories''
* Shomark O. Y. Keita, "Genetic Haplotypes in North Africa"
* Shomarka O. Y. Keita, "Studies of ancient crania from northern Africa." ''American Journal of Physical Anthropology'' 83:35-48 1990.
* Shomarka O. Y. Keita, "Further studies of crania from ancient northern Africa: an analysis of crania from First Dynasty Egyptian tombs, using multiple discriminant functions." ''American Journal of Physical Anthropology'' 87: 345-54, 1992.
* Shomarka O. Y. Keita, "Black Athena: race, Bernal and Snowden." ''Arethusa'' 26: 295-314, 1993.
* Bernard Lewis, "The Middle East".
* Bernard Lewis. ''The Muslim Discovery of Europe''. NY: Norton, 1982. Also an article with the same title published in ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies'', University of London 20(1/3): 409-16, 1957.
* Bernard Lewis, "Race and Slavery in Islam".
* Stanley Lane-Poole, assisted by E. J. W. Gibb and Arthur Gilman. ''The Story of Turkey''. NY: Putnam, 1888.
* Stanley Lane-Poole. ''The Story of the Barbary Corsairs''. NY: Putnam,1890.
* Stanley Lane-Poole, ''The History of the Moors in Spain''.
* J. A. (Joel Augustus) Rogers. ''Nature Knows No Color Line: research into the Negro ancestry in the white race''. New York: 1952.
* Ronald Segal. ''Islam's Black Slaves: the other Black diaspora. NY: Farrar Straus Giroux, 2001.
* Ivan Van Sertima, ed. The Golden Age of the Moor. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 1992. (Journal of African civilizations, vol. 11).
* Frank Snowden. Before Color Prejudice: the ancient view of blacks. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press, 1983.
* Frank Snowden. Blacks in antiquity: Ethiopians in the Greco-Roman experience''. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1970.
* David M. Goldenberg. ''The Curse of Ham: race and slavery in early Judaism, Christianity, and Islam''. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, c2003.
* Lucotte and Mercier, various genetic studies
* Eva Borreguero. "The Moors Are Coming, the Moors Are Coming! Encounters with Muslims in Contemporary Spain." p. 417-32 in ''Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations'', 2006, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 417–32.
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