Mouros: Diferenzas entre revisións
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{{Outroshomónimos|Mouros (homónimos)}}
[[Ficheiro:Castillia.jpg|miniatura|dereita|Embaixadores casteláns tentando convencer ó rei mouro [[Abu Hafs Umar al-Murtada]] a unirse á súa alianza (representación das ''[[Cantigas de Santa María]]'').]]
o termo '''mouros'''<ref>{{DRAG|mouro}}</ref> refírese ós habitantes [[musulmán]]s do [[Maghreb]], da [[Península Ibérica]], [[Sicilia]] e [[Malta]] durante a [[Idade Media]], que orixinalmente eran de ascendencia [[bérber]] e [[árabes|árabe]].<ref>Os árabes chamados ''[[Muladi|Muwalladun]]'' ou ''Muladi''. [http://www.barnesandnoble.com/sample/read/9780316092791 Menocal] (2002). ''Ornament of the World'', p. 16</ref><ref>Richard A Fletcher, [https://books.google.com/books?id=wrMG-LfuU7oC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false Moorish Spain] (University of California Press, 2006), p.1.</ref><ref>{{cita web|título=History of Moorish Spain|url=http://www.spanish-fiestas.com/history/moorish-spain/|editor=Spanish Fiestas|dataacceso=11 de maio de 2016|data=5 de marzo de 2012}}</ref> É un termo de uso popular e coloquial, cuxo uso habitual pode ou non ter connotacións pexorativas. Os mouros non son un pobo autodefinido,<ref>[http://drum.lib.umd.edu/bitstream/1903/12049/1/Ramos_umd_0117E_12042.pdf Ross Brann, "The Moors?"], ''Andalusia'', New York University. Quote: "Andalusi Arabic sources, as opposed to later [[Mudéjar]] and [[Morisco]] sources in Aljamiado and medieval Spanish texts, neither refer to individuals as Moors nor recognize any such group, community or culture."</ref> e os principais estudosos observaron en 1911 que "o termo 'Mouros' non ten valor etnolóxico."<ref>{{cita libro|título=Britannica Encyclopedia (1911)|páxinas=811|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123233237/http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Moors}}</ref> Os europeos medievais e actuais empregaron o nome para facer referencia a árabes, bérbers, africanos do norte e musulmáns europeos.<ref>{{cita libro|apelido=Blackmore|nome=Josiah|título=Moorings: Portuguese Expansion and the Writing of Africa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iRNFebS_mUIC|ano=2009|editor=U of Minnesota Press|isbn=978-0-8166-4832-0|páxinas=[http://books.google.com.ph/books?id=iRNFebS_mUIC&pg=PR16 xvi], [http://books.google.com.ph/books?id=iRNFebS_mUIC&pg=PA18 18]}}</ref>
In 711 the Moors [[Umayyad conquest of Hispania|invaded]] the Iberian Peninsula from [[North Africa]] and called the territory [[Al-Andalus]], which at its peak included most of modern-day [[Spain]], [[Portugal]], and [[Septimania]]. The Moors occupied [[Mazara del Vallo|Mazara]] on Sicily in 827, developing it as a port,<ref>{{cite web |title=Assessment of the status, development and diversification of fisheries-dependent communities: Mazara del Vallo Case study report |url= http://ec.europa.eu/fisheries/documentation/studies/regional_social_economic_impacts/mazara_del_vallo_en.pdf |year= 2010 |publisher= [[European Commission]] |page = 2 |quote = ''In the year 827, Mazara was occupied by the Arabs, who made the city an important commercial harbour. That period was probably the most prosperous in the history of Mazara.'' |accessdate= 28 September 2012}}</ref> and they eventually [[History of Islam in southern Italy|consolidated]] the rest of the island and some of southern Italy. Differences in religion and culture led to a centuries-long conflict with the [[Christendom|Christian kingdoms of Europe]], which tried to reclaim control of Muslim areas; this conflict was referred to as the [[Reconquista]]. In 1224 the Muslims were expelled from Sicily to the [[Muslim settlement of Lucera|settlement of Lucera]], which was destroyed by European Christians in 1300. The [[fall of Granada]] in 1492 marked the end of Muslim rule in Iberia, although [[Moriscos|a Muslim minority]] persisted until [[Expulsion of the Moriscos|their expulsion]] in 1609.
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