Barbanegra: Diferenzas entre revisións

<!--A Officialpostura viewsoficial onperante piratesos werepiratas sometimesfoi quiteen differentocasións frombastante thosedistinta heldá bymantida contemporarypolos authorsautores contemporarios, whoque oftenadoitaban describeddescribilos theircomo subjects"desprezables ascanallas despicabledos roguesmares". ofOs thecorsarios sea.que se Privateersconvertían whoen becamepiratas piratesestaban werepolo generallyxeral consideredconsiderados byunha theforza Englishnaval governmentde toreserva bepor reserveparte navaldo forces,goberno andde were[[Inglaterra]], sometimeschegando givena activerecibir encouragement;o asseu farrespaldo backen asocasións. No 1581 [[Francis Drake]] wasfoi knightednomeado bycabaleiro por [[ElizabethIsabel I ofde EnglandInglaterra|QueenIsabel ElizabethI]], whencando heretornou returneda toInglaterra Englanddunha fromexpedición aó round-the-worldredor expeditiondo withmundo plundercun worthbotín andun estimatedvalor estimado de £1,&nbsp;500,&nbsp;000 £.<ref>{{Harvnb|Lee|1974|p=5}}</ref> Os perdóns Royalreais pardonsemitíanse werede regularlyforma issuedregular, usuallyhabitualmente whencando EnglandInglaterra wasestaba onó thebordo vergedunha of warguerra, ande thea public'sopinión opinionpública ofsobre pirates was often favourable,os somepiratas consideringadoitaba themser akinfavorable toen patronsxeral.<ref>{{Harvnb|Lee|1974|p=168}}</ref> EconomistO economista [[Peter Leeson]] believesafirmou thatque piratesna weresúa generallyopinión shrewdos businessmen,piratas fareran removedhomes fromde thenegocios modernastutos, romanticisedlonxe da visión romántica moderna viewque ofos themdescribe ascomo murderoustiranos tyrantsasasinos.<ref name="Leeson"/> AfterTrala chegada de Woodes Rogers' en 1718 landinga at[[Nova NewProvidencia]] Providencee ando hisremate ending of theda [[RepublicRepública ofde Pirates|pirate republicPiratas]], however,a piracypirataría innas the[[Indias WestOccidentais]] Indiescaeu fellnun intodeclive terminal decline. Sen Withunha nosaída easilydoadamente accessibleaccesible outletpara toos fencebens their stolen goodsroubados, piratesos werepiratas reducedvíronse toreducidos a subsistenceun livelihoodmodo de vida de subsistencia, ande followingtras almostcase acen centuryanos ofde guerra naval warfareentre betweenos the Britishbritánicos, Frenchfranceses ande Spanish—duringespañoles, whichnos sailorsque couldos findmariñeiros easypodían employment—loneatopar privateerstraballo founddoadamente, themselvesos outnumberedcorsarios byvíronse thesuperados powerfulen shipsnúmero employedpolos bymeirandes thenavíos empregados polo [[BritishImperio EmpireBritánico]] topara defenddefender itsa súa merchantfrota fleetsmercante. A Thepopularidade popularitydo ofmercado thede slaveescravos tradeaxudou helpedna bringfin toda ancondición endfronteiriza thedas frontierIndias condition of the West Indies and in these circumstancesOccidentais, piracye wasnestas nocircunstancias longera ablepirataría tonon flourishconseguíu asflorecer itcomo oncefixera didanteriormente.<ref>{{Harvnb|Woodbury|1951|pp=201–208}}</ref>

SinceDende thea endfin ofda this so-calledchamada "[[goldenEra agedourada ofda piracypirataría]]", Teach ande hisas exploitssúas haveconquistas becomeconvertéronse theen stuffmaterial ofde lore,coñecemento inspiring bookspopular, filmsinspirando andvarios evenlibros amusemente park ridesfilmes. Gran Muchparte ofdo whatque isse knowncoñece aboutdel himatribúese canó be sourced to Charles Johnson'slibro ''[[A General Historie of the Robberies and Murders of the Most Notorious Pyrates]]'' de [[Capitán Charles Johnson|Charles Johnson]], publishedpublicado inen Britain[[Inglatera]] inno 1724.<ref>{{Harvnb|Woodard|2007|p=325}}</ref> Autoridade Arecoñecida recognisedsobre authorityos onpiratas thena piratessúa of his timeépoca, Johnson'sas descriptionsdescricións ofde suchJohnson figuresde asfiguras como [[Anne Bonny]] ande [[Mary Read]] wereconsideráronse fordurante yearsanos requiredlectura readingimprescindible forpara thoseaqueles interestedinteresados inna the subjectmateria.<ref name="Leepp89"/> A Readerssúa werelectura titillatedespertou byo hisinterese storiesde andmoitos apolo tema, polo que en pouco secondtempo editionpublicouse wasunha quicklysegunda publishededición, thoughaínda authorque autores como Angus Konstam suspectssospeitan thatque Johnson'sa entrydescrición onde BlackbeardJohnson wassobre Barbanegra estaba "colouredadornada aun littlepouco topara makefacer aunha morehistoria sensationalmáis storysensacionalista"."{{refnefn|AmongstEntre manymoitos questionabledos "facts"feitos incuestionables Johnson'smencionados accountpor isJohnson theestá encountero betweenencontro entre Teach ande o [[HMS Scarborough (1711)|HMS ''Scarborough'']].<ref>{{Harvnb|Konstam|2007|p=90}}</ref> Nin Neitherna thebitácora log of thedo ''Scarborough'' nornin thena letterscorrespondencia ofdo itsseu captaincapitán mentionhai suchmencións ande encounter;tal historianencontro. O historiador Colin Woodard believescre thatque Johnson confusedconfundíu ande conflatedmisturou twodous actualeventos eventsreais: thea batalla do ''Scarborough''{{'}}s battlecontra againsta banda de [[John Martel's]] bande ando Blackbeard'sencontro closede encounterBarbanegra withcon anotheroutro warshipnavío de guerra, o [[HMS Seaford (1697)|HMS ''Seaford'']].<ref>{{Harvnb|Woodard|2007|pp=222–223}}</ref>|group="nb"lower-alpha}} Porén, ''A General Historie'', though,considérase ispolo generallyxeral considered to be aunha reliablefonte sourcefiable.<ref name="Konstamp4">{{Harvnb|Konstam|2007|p=4}}</ref><ref name="Konstampp12">{{Harvnb|Konstam|2007|pp=1–2}}</ref> O nome "Johnson" maypodería haveter beensido an assumedun alias., e Ascomo Johnson'sos accountsseus haverecontos beenforon corroboratedcorroborados inen personaldocumentos andpersoais officiale dispatchesoficiais da época, o autor Lee (1974) considersconsidera thatque whoeverfose hequen wasfose, hetiña hadalgún sometipo accessde toacceso officiala correspondencia correspondenceoficial.<ref name="Leepp89">{{Harvnb|Lee|1974|pp=8–9}}</ref> Konstam speculatescontinúa esta furtherespeculación, suggestingsuxerindo thatque Johnson maypodería haveter beensido theo Englishescritor playwrightinglés [[Charles Johnson (writer)|Charles Johnson]], theo Britisheditor publisherbritánico [[Charles Rivington]], orou theo writerescritor [[Daniel Defoe]].<ref name="Konstampp12"/> Na Insúa hisobra de 1951 worktitulada ''The Great Days of Piracy'', authoro autor George Woodbury wroteescribiu thatque Johnson isera "obviouslyobviamente aun pseudonympseudónimo", continuingindicando que "oneun cannotnon helppode suspectingevitar thatsospeitar heque maypuidera haveter beensido aun piratepirata himself.el mesmo".<ref>{{Harvnb|Woodbury|1951|p=198}}</ref>

<!-- Despite his infamy, Teach was not the most successful of pirates. [[Henry Every]] retired a rich man, and [[Bartholomew Roberts]] took an estimated five times the amount Teach stole.<ref>{{Harvnb|Konstam|2007|p=viii}}</ref> Treasure hunters have long busied themselves searching for any trace of his rumoured hoard of gold and silver, but nothing found in the numerous sites explored along the east coast of the US has ever been connected to him. Some tales suggest that pirates often killed a prisoner on the spot where they buried their loot, and Teach is no exception in these stories,<ref>{{Citation | last = Ross | first = I. | title = Blackbeard | publisher = United States Naval Institute Proceedings | date = October 1974 | pages=72–74}}</ref> but that no finds have come to light is not exceptional; buried pirate treasure is often considered a modern myth for which almost no supporting evidence exists. The available records include nothing to suggest that the burial of treasure was a common practice, except in the imaginations of the writers of fictional accounts such as ''[[Treasure Island]]''. Such hoards would necessitate a wealthy owner, and their supposed existence ignores the command structure of a pirate vessel, in which the crew often served by free suffrage.<ref>{{Harvnb|Woodbury|1951|pp=131–133}}</ref> The only pirate ever known to bury treasure was [[William Kidd]];<ref>{{Harvnb|Konstam|2007|p=285}}</ref> the only treasure so far recovered from Teach's exploits is that taken from the wreckage of what is presumed to be the ''Queen Anne's Revenge'', which was found in 1996.<ref>{{Citation | title = In Shipwreck Linked to Pirate, State Sees a Tourism Treasure | publisher = The New York Times, hosted at nytimes.com | url = http://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/09/us/in-shipwreck-linked-to-pirate-state-sees-a-tourism-treasure.html | date = 9 November 1997 | accessdate = 21 April 2010 | page = 134}}</ref> As of 2009 more than 250,000 artifacts have been recovered.<ref>{{Citation | title = 250,000 Pieces of Blackbeard from Shipwreck | url = http://www.islandgazette.net/news-server1/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=9534:250000-pieces- | publisher = islandgazette.net | date = 20 November 2009 | accessdate = 27 March 2015}}</ref> A selection is on public display at the [[North Carolina Maritime Museum]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Konstam|2007|p=288}}</ref>