|
== Escrita ==
{{AP|Escrita chinesa}}
A relación entre o chinés falado e o escrito é bastante complexa. As variedades do chinés foron evolucionando ao longo do tempo, mentres que a escrita cambiou moi pouco. A [[litaratura]] [[chinés clásico|chinesa clásica]] comezou no [[Período das Primaveras e Outonos]], aínda que os exemplos máis antigos que se conservan de chinés son inscricións en [[óso oracular|ósos oraculares]] do ano [[-1250]], coincidindo coa época da [[dinastía Shang]].<ref name="Schuessler (2007)" />
The relationship between the Chinese spoken and written language is rather complex. Its spoken varieties evolved at different rates, while written Chinese itself has changed much less. [[Classical Chinese]] [[literature]] began in the [[Spring and Autumn period]], although written records have been discovered as far back as the 14th to 11th centuries BCE [[Shang dynasty]] [[oracle bone]]s using the [[oracle bone script]]s.
The ChineseA [[orthographyortografía]] centerschinesa onbaséase Chineseen characters,caracteres ou ''hanzi'', whichque arese writtenescriben withinen imaginarybloques rectangularrectangulares blocks,imaxinarios. traditionallyTradicionalmente arrangedescríbianse inen verticalcolumnas columns,verticais readque fromse topdebían toler bottomde downarriba a column,abaixo ande rightde toesquerda left acrossa columnsdereita. ChineseOs characterscaracteres arechineses son [[morphememorfema]]s independentindependentes ofdos phoneticcambios changefonéticos. ThusPor exemplo, theo charactercaracter [[wikt:一|一]] ("oneun") is utteredlese ''yī'' inen [[Standardchinés Chineseestándar]], ''jat1'' inen [[Cantoneselingua cantonesa|cantonés]] ande ''chi̍t''/''it'' inen [[Hokkienlingua dialecthokkien|Hokkienhokkien]]. (formO ofvocabulario Min).das Vocabulariesprincipais fromvariantes differentchinesas majoré Chinesemoi variantsdiverxente havee diverged,tamén andexisten colloquial"caracteres nonstandarddialectais" writtenque Chinesese oftenempregan makesnas usediversas ofvariantes uniqueen "dialectalsituacións characters"coloquiais de chinés escrito. Por exemplo, suchos ascaracteres 冇 ande 係 fordo Cantonese[[lingua andcantonesa|cantonés]] e a [[Hakkalingua Chinese|Hakkahakka]], whichson areconsiderados consideredarcaicos archaice ornon unusedse inusan standardna writtenescrita Chinesedo chinés estándar.
O cantonés coloquial escrito fíxose moi popular nos chats da Internet e na [[mensaxería instantánea]] entre os falantes de cantonés de [[Hong Kong]. O seu emprego está considerado moi informal e non se utiliza en contextos máis formais.
Written colloquial Cantonese has become quite popular in online [[chat room]]s and [[instant messaging]] amongst Hong-Kongers and Cantonese-speakers elsewhere. Use of it is considered highly informal, and does not extend to many formal occasions.
Na provincia de [[Hunan]], as mulleres de certas áreas escriben a súa lingua local mediante un [[silabario]] derivado dos caracteres chineses chamado [[Nüshu]].
In [[Hunan]], women in certain areas write their local language in [[Nü Shu]], a [[syllabary]] derived from [[Chinese characters]]. The [[Dungan language]], considered by many a dialect of Mandarin, is nowadays written in [[Cyrillic]], and was previously written in the [[Arabic script]]. The [[Dungan people]] are primarily Muslim and live mainly in [[Kazakhstan]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], and [[Russia]]; some of the related [[Hui people]] also speak the language and live mainly in China.
A [[lingua dungan]], ás veces considerada un dialecto do [[mandarín]], escríbese co [[alfabeto cirílico]] e no pasado escribíase co [[alfabeto árabe]]. O [[pobo dungan]] é de relixión musulmá e vive principalmente en [[Casaquistán]], [[Kirguizistán]] e [[Rusia]].
=== Caracteres chineses ===
| 