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=== Chinés estándar e diglosia ===
O [[chinés estándar|Putonghua ou Guoyu]], máis coñecido como [[mandarín]], é a [[lingua estándar]] oficial empregada na [[República Popular da China]], [[Taiwán]] e [[Singapur]] (onde se coñece co nome de "Huayu" ou simplemente chinés). Está baseada no [[dialecto de Pequín]], que é o dialecto de [[mandarín]] falado en [[Pequín]]. Os gobernos destes países pretenden que os falantes de tódalas variedades de chinés empreguen o mandarín como unha lingua común de comunicación, e por iso é empregado nos medios de comunicación, como lingua vehicular das escolas e nas axencias dos gobernos.
[[Standard Chinese|Putonghua/Guoyu]], often called "Mandarin", is the official [[standard language]] used by the [[People's Republic of China]], the [[Republic of China]] (Taiwan), and [[Singapore]] (where it is called "Huayu" or simply Chinese). It is based on the [[Beijing dialect]], which is the dialect of [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]] as spoken in [[Beijing]]. The governments of both countries intend for speakers of all Chinese speech varieties to use it as a common language of communication. Therefore, it is used in government agencies, in the media, and as a language of instruction in schools.
Na [[China continental]] e [[Taiwán]] a [[diglosia]] e frecuente. Por exemplo, ademais de falar mandarín, un residente de [[Shanghai]] tamén adoita ser quen de falar no [[dialecto de Shanghai]] da [[lingua wu]]; e se medrou noutro lugar mesmo podería falar o dialecto particular daquel lugar. Unha persoa de [[Guangzhou]] adoita poder falar [[lingua cantonesa|cantonés]] e tamén mandarín. En [[Taiwán]], a maioría da poboación fala [[lingua taiwanesa|taiwanés]], [[lingua hakka|hakka]] ou unha [[linguas austronesias|lingua austronesia]] ademais de mandarín. En Taiwán é habitual que a xente mesture pronunciacións, frases e palabras do mandarín coas doutras linguas da illa. Esta mestura considéranse algo normal en contextos informais ou familiares.
In [[mainland China]] and Taiwan, [[diglossia]] has been a common feature: {{citation needed span|it is common for a Chinese to be able to speak two or even three varieties of the Sinitic languages (or "dialects") together with Standard Chinese.|date=June 2015}} For example, in addition to ''putonghua'', a resident of [[Shanghai]] might speak [[Shanghainese dialect|Shanghainese]]; and, if he or she grew up elsewhere, then he or she may also be likely to be fluent in the particular dialect of that local area. A native of [[Guangzhou]] may speak both Cantonese and ''putonghua''. In addition to Mandarin, most [[Taiwanese people|Taiwanese]] also speak [[Taiwanese Hokkien|Minnan]], [[Hakka language|Hakka]] or an [[Austronesian language]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Klöter |first=Henning |date=2004 |journal=China Perspectives |volume=56 |issn=1996-4617 |url=http://chinaperspectives.revues.org/442 |title=Language Policy in the KMT and DPP eras |accessdate=30 May 2015}}</ref> A Taiwanese may commonly mix pronunciations, phrases, and words from Mandarin and other [[Taiwanese languages]], and this mixture is considered normal in daily or informal speech.<ref>{{cite thesis |last=Kuo |first=Yun-Hsuan |date=2005 |title=New dialect formation : the case of Taiwanese Mandarin |type=PhD |trans-title= |chapter= |publisher=University of Essex |docket= |oclc= |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/YUN-HSUAN_KUO |access-date=26 June 2015}}</ref>
== Escrita ==
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