Lingua chinesa: Diferenzas entre revisións

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=== Chinés antigo e medio ===
Os exemplos máis antigos que se conservan de chinés son inscricións en [[óso oracular|ósos oraculares]] do ano [[-1250]], coincidindo coa época da [[dinastía Shang]].<ref name="Schuessler (2007)">{{cita libro|apelidos=Schuessler|nome=Axel|título=ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese|ano=2007|editor=University of Hawaii Press|localización=Honolulu|isbn=978-0-8248-2975-9|páxinas=1}}</ref> O [[chinés antigo]] foi a lingua da época da [[dinastía Zhou do Oeste]] (entre [[-1046]] e [[-771]]), e consérvase nas [[inscricións chinesas en bronce]], en ''[[Shijing]]'', tamén en partes de ''[[Shujing]]'' e ''[[I Ching]]''.<ref name="Baxter (1992)">{{cita libro|apelidos=Baxter|nome=William H.|título=A Handbook of Old Chinese Phonology|ano=1992|editor=Mouton de Gruyter|localización=Berlín|isbn=978-3-11-012324-1|páxinas=2-3|editor=Mouton de Gruyter}}</ref>
The earliest examples of Chinese are divinatory inscriptions on [[oracle bone]]s from around 1250 BCE in the late [[Shang dynasty]].{{sfnp|Schuessler|2007|p=1}}
 
[[Old Chinese]] was the language of the [[Western Zhou]] period (1046–771 BCE), recorded in [[Chinese bronze inscriptions|inscriptions on bronze artifacts]], the ''[[Classic of Poetry]]'' and portions of the ''[[Book of Documents]]'' and ''[[I Ching]]''.{{sfnp|Baxter|1992|pp=2–3}}
Scholars have attempted to reconstruct the [[phonology of Old Chinese]] by comparing later varieties of Chinese with the rhyming practice of the ''Classic of Poetry'' and the phonetic elements found in the majority of Chinese characters.{{sfnp|Norman|1988|pp=42–45}}
Although many of the finer details remain unclear, most scholars agree that Old Chinese differed from Middle Chinese in lacking retroflex and palatal obstruents but having initial consonant clusters of some sort, and in having voiceless nasals and liquids.{{sfnp|Baxter|1992|p=177}}