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== Hidratos na Terra ==
=== Hidratos de gas natural ===
{{Artigo principal|Clatrato de metano}}
Naturally onNa [[EarthTerra]] gasencóntranse hydratesde canforma benatural foundhidratos onde thegas [[seabed]]no leito do mar, inen oceansedimentos sedimentsoceánicos,<ref>{{cite journal |year=1980 |author1=Kvenvolden, K. A. |author2=McMenamin, M. A. |title=Hydrates of Natural Gas: Their Geologic Occurrence |journal=U. S. Geological Survey Circular |volume=825 }}</ref> inen deepsedimentos lakede sedimentslagos profundos (e.g.por exemplo,no [[Lakelago Baikal]]), ase wellnas asrexións incontinentais thecon [[permafrost]] regions. TheA amountcantidade ofde [[methanemetano]] potentiallyatrapado trappedpotencialmente inen naturaldepósitos naturais de [[Methanehidrato de clathratemetano|methanehidratos hydratede metano]] depositsé maymoi be significantsignificativa (de 10<sup>15</sup> toa 10<sup>17</sup> cubicmetros metrescúbicos),<ref>http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn16848-ice-that-burns-could-be-a-green-fossil-fuel.html Ice that burns could be a green fossil fuel [[New Scientist]] 26 Marchde marzo de 2009 bypor Michael Marshall</ref> whicho makesque themfai ofque majorsexan interestde asgrande ainterese potentialcomo energyunha resourcepotencial fonte de enerxía. CatastrophicA releaseliberación ofcatastrófica methanede frommetano thedebido decompositioná ofdescomposición suchde depositsditos maydepósitos leadpode toorixinar aun globalcambio climateclimático changeglobal, becauseporque o [[methanemetano|CH]]<sub>4</sub>]] isé moreun of[[gas ande efficientefecto greenhouseinvernadoiro]] gasmáis thaneficaz que o [[carbondióxido de dioxidecarbono|CO]]<sub>2</sub>]] (seever [[Atmosphericmetano methaneatmosférico]]). TheA fastrápida decompositiondescomposición ofdeses depósitos suchconsidérase depositsun isperigo consideredxeolóxico debido a [[geohazard]],que duepode todesencadear its[[corremento potentialde toterras|corrementos triggerde [[landslideterras]]s, [[earthquaketerremoto]]s ande [[tsunami]]s. HoweverPorén, naturalos hidratos de gas hydratesnatural donon notconteñen containsó onlymetano methanesenón buttamén alsooutros othergases [[hydrocarbonhidrocarburo]] gasess, asxunto well ascon [[Hydrogensulfuro sulfidede hidróxeno|H<sub>2</sub>S]] ande [[Carbondióxido de dioxidecarbono|CO<sub>2</sub>]]. Os [[Airhidrato de aire|hidratos de hydratesaire]] areobsérvanse frequentlyfrecuentemente observeden inmostras polarde icexeo samplespolares.
Os chamados [[Pingopingo]]s areson commonestruturas structurescomúns innas permafrostrexións regionsde permafrost.<ref>{{cite journal | title = Methane Leakage from Pingo-like Features on the Arctic Shelf, Beaufort Sea, NWT, Canada | publisher = SAO/NASA ADS |date=December 2005 | bibcode = 2005AGUFM.C11A1069U | author1 = Ussler, W. | author2 = Paull, C. K. | author3 = Lorenson, T. | author4 = Dallimore, S. | author5 = Medioli, B. | author6 = Blasco, S. | author7 = McLaughlin, F. | author8 = Nixon, F. M. | volume = 11 | pages = 1069 | journal = American Geophysical Union }}</ref> SimilarEstruturas similares poden atoparse structuresen areaugas foundprofundas ine deepestán waterrelacionadas relatedcon tofugas methanede leakagesmetano.
Significantly,Os gashidratos hydratesde cangas evenmesmo bepoden formedformarse inen theausencia absencedunha offase a liquid phaselíquida. UnderNesas that situationsituacións, watera isauga dissolvedé indisolvida en gas orou en infase liquidde hydrocarbonhidrocarburo phaselíquido.<ref>Youssef, Z.; Barreau, A., Mougin, P., Jose, J.; Mokbel, I. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2009, 48, 4045-4050</ref>
=== Hidratos de gas en oleodutos ===
Thermodynamic conditions favouring hydrate formation are often found in [[Pipeline transport|pipelines]]. This is highly undesirable, because the clathrate crystals might agglomerate and plug the line<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1021/ef800189k | title = Investigation of Interactions between Gas Hydrates and Several Other Flow Assurance Elements | year = 2008 | last1 = Gao | first1 = Shuqiang | journal = Energy & Fuels | volume = 22 | issue = 5 | pages = 3150–3153 }}</ref> and cause [[flow assurance]] failure and damage valves and instrumentation. The results can range from flow reduction to equipment damage.
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