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Superfamilia de proteínas: Diferenzas entre revisións

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== Importancia evolutiva ==
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Protein superfamilies represent the current limits of our ability to identify common ancestry.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Shakhnovich|first=BE|author2=Deeds, E |author3=Delisi, C |author4= Shakhnovich, E |title=Protein structure and evolutionary history determine sequence space topology.|journal=Genome Research|date=March 2005|volume=15|issue=3|pages=385–92|pmid=15741509|doi=10.1101/gr.3133605}}</ref> They are the largest [[evolutionary]] grouping based on direct [[evidence]] that is currently possible. They are therefore amongst the most ancient evolutionary events currently studied. Some superfamilies have members present in all [[Kingdom (biology)|kingdoms]] of [[life]], indicating that the last common ancestor of that superfamily was in the [[last universal common ancestor]] of all life (LUCA).<ref>{{cite journal|last=Ranea|first=JA|author2=Sillero, A |author3=Thornton, JM |author4= Orengo, CA |title=Protein superfamily evolution and the last universal common ancestor (LUCA).|journal=Journal of molecular evolution|date=October 2006|volume=63|issue=4|pages=513–25|pmid=17021929|doi=10.1007/s00239-005-0289-7}}</ref>▼
 
▲ProteinAs supèrfamilias de proteínas superfamiliesrepresentan representos thelímites currentactuais limitsda ofnosa ourcapacidade abilityde toidentificar identifyantepasados commoncomúns ancestrymoleculares.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Shakhnovich|first=BE|author2=Deeds, E |author3=Delisi, C |author4= Shakhnovich, E |title=Protein structure and evolutionary history determine sequence space topology.|journal=Genome Research|date=March 2005|volume=15|issue=3|pages=385–92|pmid=15741509|doi=10.1101/gr.3133605}}</ref> TheySon areo thegrupo largestevolutivomeirande [[evolutionary]]baseado groupingen basedprobs ondirectas directque [[evidence]]é thatposible isestablecer currently possibleactualemnte. TheyEstán, arepor thereforetanto, amongstentre theos mosteventos ancientevolutivos evolutionarymáis antigos que eventsse currentlypoden studiedestudar actualmente. SomeAlgunhas superfamiliessuperfamilias haveteñen membersmembros presenten intodos allos [[Kingdomreino (biologybioloxía)|kingdomsreinos]] ofde [[lifeser vivo|seresvivos]], indicatingo thatque theindica lastque commono ancestorúltimo ofantepasado thatcomún superfamilydesa wassuperfamilia inera theo [[lastúltimo universalantepasado commoncomún ancestoruniversal]] ofde todos os allseres lifevivos (LUCA).<ref>{{cite journal|last=Ranea|first=JA|author2=Sillero, A |author3=Thornton, JM |author4= Orengo, CA |title=Protein superfamily evolution and the last universal common ancestor (LUCA).|journal=Journal of molecular evolution|date=October 2006|volume=63|issue=4|pages=513–25|pmid=17021929|doi=10.1007/s00239-005-0289-7}}</ref>
Superfamily members may be in different species, with the ancestral protein being the form of the protein that existed in the ancestral species ([[Homology (biology)#Orthology|orthology]]). Conversely, the proteins may be in the same species, but evolved from a single protein whose gene was [[gene duplication|duplicated]] in the genome ([[Homology (biology)|paralogy]]).
 
Os membros dunha superfamilia poden atoparse en diferentes especies, e a proteína ancestral é a forma da proteína que existía na especie ancestral ([[ortólogo|ortoloxía]]). Inversamente,ditas proteínas poden encontrarse na mesma especie, pero evolucionaron a partir dunha soa proteína cuxo [[xene]] foi [[duplicación xénica|duplicado]] no [[xenoma]] ([[parálogo|paraloxía]]).
== Exemplos ==▼
 
▲== Exemplos ==
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'''[[PA clan]]''' - Members share a [[chymotrypsin]]-like double [[β-barrel]] fold and similar [[proteolysis]] mechanisms but sequence identity of <10%. The clan contains both [[Cysteine protease|cysteine]] and [[serine proteases]] (different [[nucleophiles]]).<ref name=merops/><ref>{{cite journal|last=Bazan|first=JF|author2=Fletterick, RJ |title=Viral cysteine proteases are homologous to the trypsin-like family of serine proteases: structural and functional implications.|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|date=November 1988|volume=85|issue=21|pages=7872–6|pmid=3186696|doi=10.1073/pnas.85.21.7872|pmc=282299}}</ref>
 
Traído desde «https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superfamilia_de_proteínas»