Terapia xénica: Diferenzas entre revisións

=== Enxeñaría xenética humana ===

 

 

Hai unha gran discusión sobre os aspectos éticos deste tipo de intervencións.<ref>AMA Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs, [http://archfami.ama-assn.org/cgi/reprint/3/7/633 Report on Ethical Issues Related to Prenatal Genetic Tests], 3 Archives Fam. Med. 633, 637–39 (1994),</ref> En xeral desde o principio destas tecnoloxías a comunidade científica opúxose a modificar a liña xerminal humana.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20010805085535/http://www.cioms.ch/frame_1990_texts_of_guidelines.htm The Declaration of Inuyama: Human Genome Mapping, Genetic Screening and Gene Therapy]</ref><ref>Smith KR, Chan S, Harris J. Human germline genetic modification: scientific and bioethical perspectives. Arch Med Res. 2012 Oct;43(7):491-513. doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2012.09.003. PMID 23072719</ref> Coa chegada de novas técnicas como [[CRISPR]] en 2015 moitos científicos propuxeron unha prohibición mundial deste tipo de aplicacións na liña xerminal.<ref name="NYT-20150319">{{cite news |last=Wade |first=Nicholas |title=Scientists Seek Ban on Method of Editing the Human Genome |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/20/science/biologists-call-for-halt-to-gene-editing-technique-in-humans.html |date=19 March 2015 |work=[[New York Times]] |accessdate=20 March 2015 }}</ref><ref name="NYT-20150303-AP">{{cite news |last=Pollack |first=Andrew |title=A Powerful New Way to Edit DNA |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/04/health/a-powerful-new-way-to-edit-dna.html |date=3 March 2015 |work=[[New York Times]] |accessdate=20 March 2015 }}</ref><ref name="SCI-20150319">{{cite journal |last1=Baltimore |first1=David |last2=Berg |first2=Paul |last3=Botchan |first3=Dana |last4=Charo |first4=R. Alta |last5=Church |first5=George |last6=Corn |first6=Jacob E. |last7=Daley |first7=George Q. |last8=Doudna |first8=Jennifer A. |last9=Fenner |first9=Marsha |last10=Greely |first10=Henry T. |last11=Jinek |first11=Martin |last12=Martin |first12=G. Steven |last13=Penhoet |first13=Edward |last14=Puck |first14=Jennifer |last15=Sternberg |first15=Samuel H. |last16=Weissman |first16=Jonathan S. |last17=Yamamoto |first17=Keith R. |title=A prudent path forward for genomic engineering and germline gene modification |url=http://www.sciencemag.org/content/early/2015/03/18/science.aab1028 |date=19 March 2015 |journal=[[Science (journal)]] |doi=10.1126/science.aab1028 |accessdate=20 March 2015 }}</ref><ref name="NAT-20150312">{{cite journal |last1=Lanphier |first1=Edward |last2=Urnov |first2=Fyodor |last3=Haecker |first3=Sarah Ehlen |last4=Werner |first4=Michael |last5=Smolenski |first5=Joanna |title=Don’t edit the human germ line |url=http://www.nature.com/news/don-t-edit-the-human-germ-line-1.17111 |date=26 March 2015 |journal=[[Nature (journal)]] |volume=519 |pages=410–411 |doi=10.1038/519410a |accessdate=20 March 2015 }}</ref> En abril de 2015 creouse unha gran polémica cando investigadores chineses informaron dos resultados en investigación básica de experimentos para ''editar'' o [[ADN]] de embrións humanos non viables usando CRISPR.<ref name="NYT-20150423">{{cite news |last=Kolata |first=Gina |title=Chinese Scientists Edit Genes of Human Embryos, Raising Concerns |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/24/health/chinese-scientists-edit-genes-of-human-embryos-raising-concerns.html |date=23 April 2015 |work=[[New York Times]] |accessdate=24 April 2015 }}</ref><ref name="PC-20150418">{{cite journal |author=Liang, Puping et al. |title=CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in human tripronuclear zygotes |url=http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13238-015-0153-5/fulltext.html |date=18 April 2015 |journal=[[Protein & Cell]] |doi=10.1007/s13238-015-0153-5 |accessdate=24 April 2015 }}</ref>