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Un '''aducto''' (do latín ''adductus'', "levado cara adiante") é o produto único dunha soa [[reacción de adición|adición directa]] de dúas ou máis moléculas distintas, que contén todos os átomos de todos os compoñentes que interviñeron na reacción.<ref>{{ GoldBookRef | file = A00138 | title = adduct }}</ref> O produto resultante desta reacción é considerado unha especie molecular distinta. Exemplos son o aducto formado entre o [[peróxido de hidróxeno]] e o [[carbonato de sodio]], que é o [[percarbonato de sodio]], ou a adición de [[bisulfito de sodio]] a un [[aldehido]] para dar un [[sulfonato]].
:''See also [[adduction]], one of the [[anatomical terms of motion]].''
AdductsFórmanse oftenaductos forma betweenmiúdo entre [[ ácido de Lewis |ácidos acidde Lewis]] s ande [[ base de Lewis |bases basede Lewis]] s.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Housecroft |first1=Catherine E. |last2=Sharpe |first2=Alan G. |title=Inorganic Chemistry |page=199 |chapter=Acids, bases and ions in aqueous solution |edition=3rd |publisher=[[Pearson Education]] |location=Harlow, Essex |isbn=978-0-13-175553-6 |year=2008}}</ref> AUn goodbo exampleexemplo isé thea formationformación ofde adductsaductos betweenentre theo Lewisácido acidde Lewis [[ boraneborano]] ande theo oxygenátomo atomde inoxíxeno thena Lewisbase basesde Lewis, o [[ tetrahydrofurantetrahidrofurano]] (THF): BH<sub>3</sub>•O(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>4</sub> orou [[ diethyldietil etheréter]]: BH<sub>3</sub>•O(CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>. ▼An '''adduct''' (from the Latin ''adductus'', "drawn toward") is a product of a [[Addition reaction|direct addition]] of two or more distinct molecules, resulting in a single reaction product containing all atoms of all components.<ref>{{ GoldBookRef | file = A00138 | title = adduct }}</ref> The resultant is considered a distinct molecular species. Examples include the adduct between [[hydrogen peroxide]] and [[sodium carbonate]] to give [[sodium percarbonate]], and the addition of [[sodium bisulfite]] to an [[aldehyde]] to give a [[sulfonate]].It can just be considered as a single product resulting from direct addition of different molecules and constitutes all the reactant molecules' atoms.
▲Adducts often form between [[Lewis acid]]s and [[Lewis base]]s.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Housecroft |first1=Catherine E. |last2=Sharpe |first2=Alan G. |title=Inorganic Chemistry |page=199 |chapter=Acids, bases and ions in aqueous solution |edition=3rd |publisher=[[Pearson Education]] |location=Harlow, Essex |isbn=978-0-13-175553-6 |year=2008}}</ref> A good example is the formation of adducts between the Lewis acid [[borane]] and the oxygen atom in the Lewis bases, [[tetrahydrofuran]] (THF): BH<sub>3</sub>•O(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>4</sub> or [[diethyl ether]]: BH<sub>3</sub>•O(CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>.
<gallery caption="Ball and stick diagram of the Lewis adduct between BH<sub>3</sub> and THF" widths="100px" heights="100px" perrow="1">
Image:Tetrahydrofuran-3D-balls.png|Molécula de [[tetrahydrofurantetrahidrofurano|THF]] molecule
Image:Borane-3D-balls.png|Molécula de [[BoraneBorano|BH<sub>3</sub>]] molecule
Image:Borane-THF-adduct-3D-balls.png|Aduto de Lewis adductentre betweeno [[BoraneBorano|BH<sub>3</sub>]] ande o [[tetrahydrofurantetrahidrofurano|THF]],
</gallery>
Os compostos ou mesturas que non poden formar un aducto debido a impedimentos estéricos denomínanse [[par de Lewis freustrado|pares de Lewis frustrados]].
Compounds or mixtures that cannot form an adduct because of [[steric hindrance]] are called [[frustrated Lewis pair]]s.
AdductsOs areaductos notnon necessarilyson molecularnecesariamente inde naturenatureza molecular. AUn goodbo exampleexemplo fromda [[solid-statequímica chemistryen estado sólido]] is<!--Predicateé agreeso withaducto itsdo subject!--> the adductsetileno ofe ethyleneo ormonóxido carbonde monoxidecarbono ofde CuAlCl<sub>4</sub>. TheEste latterúltimo isé aun solidsólido withcunha anestrutura extendeden latticerede structureestendida. UponDespois formationda offormación thedo adductaducto, afórmase newunha extendednova phasefase isestendida formedna incal whichas themoléculas de gas moleculesson are incorporatedincorporadas (insertedinseridas) ascomo [[ligandligando]]s ofdos theátomos copperde atomscobre withinna the structureestrutura. ThisEsta reactionreacción canpode alsotamén beconsiderarse consideredunha areacción reactionentre between aunha base ande un ácido ade Lewis acidco withátomo thede coppercobre atomno inpapel thede electron-receivingreceptor rolede andelectróns thee os [[electrón pi|electróns electronpi]]s ofda themolécula de gas moleculeno papel inde thedoantes electron-donatingde roleelectróns.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Capracotta, M. D.; Sullivan, R. M.; Martin, J. D. | title = Sorptive Reconstruction of CuMCl<sub>4</sub> (M = Al and Ga) upon Small-Molecule Binding and the Competitive Binding of CO and Ethylene | journal = [[Journal of the American Chemical Society]] | year = 2006 | volume = 128 | issue = 41 | pages = 13463–13473 | doi = 10.1021/ja063172q | pmid = 17031959 }}</ref>
==Ions aductos==
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