Nixeria: Diferenzas entre revisións

== Historia ==

{{AP|Historia de Nixeria}}

 

=== Prehistoria ===

O [[cultura Nok|pobo Nok]] de Nixeria central produciu as máis antigas esculturas de [[terracota]] atopadas no país.<ref name=archaeology>{{Cita libro|apelido=Kleiner|nome= Fred S.|author2=Christin J. Mamiya |título=Gardner's Art Through the Ages: Non-Western Perspectives|publisher=[[Cengage Learning]]|edición=13, revisada|ano=2009|páxina=194| url=http://books.google.com/?id=TlVeuxIgjwQC&dq=Nok+terracotta+earliest|isbn=0-495-57367-1}}</ref> A civilización Nok floreceu entre o -500 e o ano 200.<ref>{{cita web|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/nok/hd_nok.htm |título=Nok Terracottas (500 B.C.–200 A.D.) &#124; Thematic Essay &#124; Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History &#124; The Metropolitan Museum of Art |publisher=Metmuseum.org |data=2 de xuño de 2014 |dataacceso=16 de xullo de 2014}}</ref> Na parte norte do país, as cidades de [[Kano]] e [[Katsina]] aparecen nos rexistros históricos dende o 999. Os reinos [[hausas]] e o [[Imperio Kanem|Imperio Kanem-Bornu]] prosperaron como postos comerciais entre o norte e o oeste de África.

 

A comezos do século XIX, [[Usman dan Fodio]] dirixiu unha ''[[xihad]]'' con éxito, e creou o centralizado [[Imperio Fulani]] (tamén coñecido como [[Califato de Sokoto]]). O territorio controlado comprendía a zona norte e central do estado moderno. O califato durou ata que en 1903 foi dividido en varias colonias europeas.

 

The [[Yoruba people|Yoruba]] kingdoms of [[Ife]] and [[Oyo Empire|Oyo]] in southwestern Nigeria became prominent in the 12th<ref name="Falola1">{{cite book|title=A history of Nigeria| first1=Toyin|last1=Falola|first2=Matthew M.|last2=Heaton|page=23|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=2008|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=XygZjbNRap0C&pg=PA23 |isbn=0-521-68157-X}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Hegemony and culture: politics and religious change among the Yoruba|first=David D.|last=Laitin|page=111| publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]]|year=1986|isbn=0-226-46790-2|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=dHbrDvGQEbUC&pg=PA111}}</ref> and 14th<ref>{{cite book|title= Peoples of Africa, Volume 1|first1=Fiona|last1=MacDonald|first2=Elizabeth|last2=Paren|first3=Kevin|last3=Shillington|first4=Gillian|last4=Stacey|first5=Philip|last5= Steele|page=385|publisher=Marshall Cavendish|year=2000|isbn=0-7614-7158-8|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=joh5yHfcF-8C&pg=PA385}}</ref> centuries, respectively. [[Yoruba mythology]] states that Ile-Ifẹ is the source of the human race and pre-dates any other civilisation. The oldest signs of human settlement at Ifẹ's current site date back to the 9th century,<ref name="Falola1"/> and its material culture includes terracotta and [[bronze]] figures. Ọyọ, at its territorial zenith in the late 17th to early 18th centuries, extended its influence from western Nigeria to modern-day [[Togo]]. The Edo [[Kingdom of Benin]] is located in southwestern Nigeria. Benin's power lasted between the 15th and 19th centuries. Their dominance reached as far as the city of Eko (an [[Edo language|Edo]] name later changed to [[Lagos]] by the [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese]]) and further.<ref>{{cite web|last=Metz|first=Helen Chapin|title=Nigeria: A Country Study – The Slave Trade|publisher=[[Library of Congress Country Studies]]|year=1991|url=http://countrystudies.us/nigeria/7.htm|accessdate=28 May 2011}}</ref>