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===Actividade antiviral===
LactoferrinA acts,lactoferrina mostlyactúa (principalmente en estudos ''in vitro'',) onsobre aunha wideampla rangegama ofde humanvirus andhumanos animale virusesanimais basedcon oncon DNAxenomas and[[virus RNAde ADN|de ADN]] ou [[genomevirus de ARN|de ARN]]s,<ref name="vander">{{cite journal|author = van der Strate BW, Beljaars L, Molema G, Harmsen MC, Meijer DK|title = Antiviral activities of lactoferrin|journal = Antiviral Res.|volume = 52|issue = 3|pages = 225–39|year = 2001|pmid = 11675140|doi = 10.1016/S0166-3542(01)00195-4}}</ref> includingcomo theos [[virus herpes simplex virusximplex]] 1 ande 2,<ref name="pmid7661698">{{cite journal|author = Fujihara T, Hayashi K|title = Lactoferrin inhibits herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) infection to mouse cornea|journal = Arch. Virol.|volume = 140|issue = 8|pages = 1469–72|year = 1995|pmid = 7661698|doi = 10.1007/BF01322673}}</ref><ref name="Giansanti">{{cite journal|author = Giansanti F, Rossi P, Massucci MT, Botti D, Antonini G, Valenti P, Seganti L|title = Antiviral activity of ovotransferrin discloses an evolutionary strategy for the defensive activities of lactoferrin|journal = Biochem. Cell Biol.|volume = 80|issue = 1|pages = 125–30|year = 2002|pmid = 11908636|doi = 10.1139/o01-208}}</ref> [[cytomegaloviruscitomegalovirus]],<ref name="pmid7622881">{{cite journal|author = Harmsen MC, Swart PJ, de Béthune MP, Pauwels R, De Clercq E, The TH, Meijer DK|title = Antiviral effects of plasma and milk proteins: lactoferrin shows potent activity against both human immunodeficiency virus and human cytomegalovirus replication in vitro|journal = J. Infect. Dis.|volume = 172|issue = 2|pages = 380–8|year = 1995|pmid = 7622881|doi = 10.1093/infdis/172.2.380}}</ref> [[HIVVIH]],<ref name=Giansanti /><ref name="Puddu">{{cite journal|author = Puddu P, Borghi P, Gessani S, Valenti P, Belardelli F, Seganti L|title = Antiviral effect of bovine lactoferrin saturated with metal ions on early steps of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection|journal = Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol.|volume = 30|issue = 9|pages = 1055–62|year = 1998|pmid = 9785469|doi = 10.1016/S1357-2725(98)00066-1}}</ref> [[hepatitisvirus Cda virushepatite C]],<ref name="pmid17241377">{{cite journal|author = Azzam HS, Goertz C, Fritts M, Jonas WB|title = Natural products and chronic hepatitis C virus|journal = Liver Int.|volume = 27|issue = 1|pages = 17–25|year = 2007|pmid = 17241377|doi = 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2006.01408.x}}</ref><ref name="Nozaki">{{cite journal|author = Nozaki A, Ikeda M, Naganuma A, Nakamura T, Inudoh M, Tanaka K, Kato N|title = Identification of a lactoferrin-derived peptide possessing binding activity to hepatitis C virus E2 envelope protein|journal = J. Biol. Chem.|volume = 278|issue = 12|pages = 10162–73|year = 2003|pmid = 12522210|doi = 10.1074/jbc.M207879200}}</ref> [[hantavirus]]es, [[rotavirus]]es, [[poliovirus]] typetipo 1,<ref name="Arnold">{{cite journal|author = Arnold D, Di Biase AM, Marchetti M, Pietrantoni A, Valenti P, Seganti L, Superti F|title = Antiadenovirus activity of milk proteins: lactoferrin prevents viral infection|journal = Antiviral Res.|volume = 53|issue = 2|pages = 153–8|year = 2002|pmid = 11750941|doi = 10.1016/S0166-3542(01)00197-8}}</ref> [[humanvirus respiratorysincicial syncytialrespiratorio virushumano]] ande [[murinevirus leukemiada virusleucemia murina]]es.<ref Name=Sojar />
O mecanismo máis estudado de actividade antiviral da lactoferrina é impedir a unión das partículas víricas ás súas células diana. Moitos virus tenden a unirse ás [[lipoproteína]]s das membranas da célula e despois penetran dentro da célula.<ref Name=Nozaki /> A lactoferrina únese ás mesmas proteínas e dese modo repele as partículas víricas. A apolactoferrina libre de ferro é máis eficiente nesta función do que a hololactoferrina; e a lactoferricina, que é responsable das propiedades antimicrobianas da lactoferrina, case non mostra actividade antiviral.<ref name=vander />
The most studied mechanism of antiviral activity of lactoferrin is its diversion of virus particles from the target cells. Many viruses tend to bind to the [[lipoprotein]]s of the cell membranes and then penetrate into the cell.<ref Name=Nozaki /> Lactoferrin binds to the same lipoproteins thereby repelling the virus particles. Iron-free apolactoferrin is more efficient in this function than hololactoferrin; and lactoferricin, which is responsible for antimicrobial properties of lactoferrin, shows almost no antiviral activity.<ref name=vander />
BesideAdemais interactingde withinteraccionar thecoas cellparedes wallscelulares, lactoferrina alsolactoferrina directlytamén bindsse toune viraldirectamente particlesa partículas virais, suchcomo aos asvirións theda [[hepatitishepatite]] viruses.<ref Name=Nozaki /> ThisEste mechanismmecanismo istamén alsose confirmedconfirmou byna theactividade antiviral activityda oflactoferrina lactoferrincontra againstos rotavirusesrotavirus,<ref name=Sojar /> whichque actúan actsobre onuns differenttipos cellcelulares typesdiferentes.
LactoferrinA alsolactoferrina suppressestamén virussuprime replicationa after[[replicación theviral]] virusunha penetratedvez que o virus intopenetrou thena cellcélula.<ref Name=Sojar /><ref name=Puddu /> SuchEste an indirectefecto antiviral effect isindirecto achievedprodúcese byao affectingafectar ás [[célula asasina natural|células killerasasinas cellnaturais]]s, [[granulocytegranulocito]]s ande [[macrophagemacrófago]]s – cells, whichos playcales axogan crucialun rolepapel infundamental thenos earlyprimeiros stagesestadios ofdas viralinfeccións infectionsvirais, suchcomo no caso asda [[severesíndrome acuterespiratoria respiratoryaguda syndromesevera]] (SARS).<ref name="pmid15655079">{{cite journal|author = Reghunathan R, Jayapal M, Hsu LY, Chng HH, Tai D, Leung BP, Melendez AJ|title = Expression profile of immune response genes in patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome|journal = BMC Immunol.|volume = 6|page = 2|year = 2005|pmid = 15655079|pmc = 546205|doi = 10.1186/1471-2172-6-2}}</ref>
===Actividade antifúnxica===
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