Grupo de diferenciación: Diferenzas entre revisións
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Os '''grupos de diferenciación''', abreviados como '''CD''' (do inglés ''Cluster of Differentiation'') e moitas veces denominados '''''clusters'' de diferenciación''', '''cúmulos de diferenciación'''
Os
Fisioloxicamente as moléculas CD poden actuar de moi diversos xeitos, a miúdo son [[receptor (bioquímica)|receptores]] ou [[ligando (bioquímica)|ligandos]] (é dicir, a molécula que activa o receptor) moi importantes para a célula. Xeralmente, os CD son o punto onde se inician cascadas de reaccións intracelulares, que alteran o comportamento da célula (ver [[sinalización celular]]). Algunhas proteínas CD non funcionan na sinalización celular, senón que teñen outras funcións, como a [[adhesión celular]]. Existen varios centos de CD recoñecidos,e a [[lista de grupos de diferenciación humanos]] chegaba aos 350 en 2009.<ref name=hcdm>{{cite web | title=HCDM, responsible for HLDA workshop and CD molecules | url=http://www.hcdm.org/MoleculeInformation/tabid/54/Default.aspx | work= | publisher=Human Cell Differentiation Molecules Council (successor to the HLDA Workshops) | date= | accessdate=2009-06-01}}</ref><ref name="pmid16020511">{{cite journal | author = Zola H, Swart B, Banham A, Barry S, Beare A, Bensussan A, Boumsell L, D Buckley C, Bühring HJ, Clark G, Engel P, Fox D, Jin BQ, Macardle PJ, Malavasi F, Mason D, Stockinger H, Yang X. | title = CD molecules 2006--human cell differentiation molecules. | journal = J Immunol Methods. | volume = 318 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 1–5 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17174972 | doi = 10.1016/j.jim.2006.11.001 }}</ref> ==Nomenclatura==
Cell populations are usually defined using a '+' or a '-' symbol to indicate whether a certain cell fraction expresses or lacks a CD molecule. For example, a "[[CD34]]+, [[CD31]]-" cell is one that expresses CD34, but not CD31. This CD combination typically corresponds to a [[stem cell]], as opposed to a fully differentiated [[endothelial cell]]. Some cell populations can also be defined as <small><sup>hi</sup></small>, <small><sup>mid</sup></small> or <small><sup>low</sup></small>(alternatively <small><sup>bright</sup></small>, <small><sup>mid</sup></small> or <small><sup>dim</sup></small>), indicating an overall variability in CD expression, particularly when compared to other cells being studied. A review of the development of T cells in the thymus uses this nomenclature to identify cells transitioning from CD4<small><sup>mid</sup></small>/CD8<small><sup>mid</sup></small> double positive cells to CD4<small><sup>hi</sup></small>/CD8<small><sup>mid</sup></small>.<ref name="pmid19151747">{{cite journal | author = Ho IC, Tai TS, Pai SY | title = GATA3 and the T-cell lineage: essential functions before and after T-helper-2-cell differentiation | journal = Nat. Rev. Immunol. | volume = 9 | issue = 2 | pages = 125–35 | year = 2009 | month = February | pmid = 19151747 | pmc = 2998182 | doi = 10.1038/nri2476 }}</ref>
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