Memoria: Diferenzas entre revisións

Unha das principais funcións do [[sono]] crese que é a consolidación da información, xa que varios estudos amosaron que a memoria depende das horas de sono entre o adestramento e a posta en práctica. Ademáis, os datos obtidos a partir das imaxes neuronais amosaron patróns de activación no cerebro ao durmir semellantes aos rexistrados durante a aprendizaxe das tarefas do día anterior, o que suxire que os novos recordos poden afianzarse a través de tal adestramento.

 

Models of memory provide abstract representations of how memory is believed to work. Below are several models proposed over the years by various psychologists. Note that there is some controversy as to whether there are several memory structures, for example, Tarnow (2005) finds that it is likely that there is only one memory structure between 6 and 600 seconds.

 

[[Image:multistore model.png|right]]

The multi-store model (also known as [[Atkinson-Shiffrin memory model]]) was first recognised in 1968 by [[Richard C. Atkinson|Atkinson]] and [[Richard Shiffrin|Shiffrin]].

 

It also shows the sensory store as a single unit whilst we know that the sensory store is split up into several different parts such as taste, vision, and hearing.

 

[[Image:Working memory model.svg|right|frame|The working memory model.]]

In 1974 Baddeley and Hitch proposed a [[Baddeley's model of working memory|'''working memory model''']] which replaced the concept of general short term memory with specific, active components. In this model, working memory consists of three basic stores: the central executive, the phonological loop and the visuo-spatial sketchpad. In 2000 this model was expanded with the multimodal episodic buffer.<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01538-2 | author = Baddeley, A.D. | year = 2000 | title = The episodic buffer: a new component of working memory? | url = | journal = Trends in Cognitive Science | volume = 4 | issue = | pages = 417–23 }}</ref>

 

The working memory model explains many practical observations, such as why it is easier to do two different tasks (one verbal and one visual) than two similar tasks (e.g., two visual), and the aforementioned word-length effect. However, the concept of a central executive as noted here has been criticised as inadequate and vague. {{Citation needed|date=November 2007}}

 

Craik and Lockhart (1972) proposed that it is the method and depth of processing that affects how an experience is stored in memory, rather than rehearsal.